AR-RADD (الرد). Rejection, repulsion, refutation, reply; repeal, abrogation, making null and void; sometimes, erasure. In Muḥammadan law it applies especially to the return or surplus of an inheritance which remains after the legal portions have been distributed among the sharers, and which, in default of a residuary heir, returns, or is to be divided amongst the original sharers.
RADDU ʾS-SALĀM (رد السلام). The returning of a salutation which is an incumbent duty upon one Muslim to another. [[SALUTATION].]
AR-RĀFIʿ (الرافع). “The Exalter.” One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. The word occurs in the Qurʾān, [Sūrah iii. 48]: “When God said, O Jesus! I will make thee die and will take thee up again to myself” (رافعك الى).
RĀFIʿ IBN K͟HADĪJ (رافع بن خديج). One of the Ṣaḥābah. He was too young to be present at Badr, but he accompanied Muḥammad at Uḥud and was wounded with an arrow, on which occasion the Prophet said to him, “I will answer for you in the Day of Judgment.” He died at al-Madīnah, A.H. 73, aged 86.
RĀFIẒĪ (رافضى). Lit. “A forsaker.” Synonymous with Rāfiẓah (pl. Rawāfiẓ). A term used for a body of soldiers who have deserted their commander and turned back again, applied to a sect of Shīʿahs who joined Zaid the son of ʿAlī, the son of al-Ḥusain, the second son of the K͟halīfah ʿAlī, who, when they had submitted to Zaid, demanded that he should abuse Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, the first two K͟halīfahs of the Sunnīs; but Zaid refused to do so, for he said, “They were both Wazīrs of my forefather Muḥammad.” Upon this they forsook the party of Zaid, and were called Rāfiẓah. Zaid had then only fourteen faithful companions left, and he was soon surrounded by al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf, the general of the Imām Jaʿfar’s army, and fell at the head of his brave companions, not one of them surviving him.
(2) The term Rāfiẓī is used by Sunnī Muslims for any sect of Shīʿahs.
RAHBĀNĪYAH (رهبانية). [[MONASTICISM].]
RĀHIB (راهب), pl. Ruhbān. A Christian monk. Mentioned in the Qurʾān, [Sūrah v. 85]: “Thou wilt find the nearest in love to those who believe to be those who say, ‘We are Christians’; that is, because there are amongst them priests (qissīsūn) and monks (ruhbān), and because they are not proud.” [[MONASTICISM].]
RAḤĪL (رحيل). Lit. “That which is fit for travelling.” A small book-stand made so as to fold up for convenience in travelling, but now generally used as a book-stand in mosques and Muslim schools to support the Qurʾān and other books as the student reads his lesson from them. They are also used in private dwellings.
