SALAF (سلف). (1) Ancestors; men of repute for piety and faith in past generations.
(2) Money lent without interest. [[SALAM].]
SALAM (سلم). A contract involving an immediate payment of the price, and admitting a delay in the delivery of the articles purchased. The word used in the Ḥadīs̤ is generally salaf. In a sale of this kind, the seller is called musallam ilai-hi; the purchaser, rabbu ʾs-salam, and the goods purchased, musallam-fī-hi. (Kitābu ʾt-Taʿrīfāt.)
AS-SALĀM (الــســلام). “The Peace(ful) one.” (1) One of the ninety-nine names or attributes of God. It occurs once in the Qurʾān, [Sūrah lix. 20]: “He is God, than whom there is no other … the Peaceful.” Al-Baiẓāwī explains the word as “He who is free from all loss or harm” (ذو السلامة من كل نقص و آفة).
(2) As-Salāmu ʿalai-kum (السلام عليكم), “The peace be on you,” the common salutation amongst Muslims. [[SALUTATION].]
AṢ-ṢALĀT (الصلوة, in construction frequently spelled صلاة), pl. ṣalawāt. The term used in the Qurʾān, as well as amongst all Muslims in every part of the world, for the liturgical form of prayer, which is recited five times a day, an account of which is given in the article on [PRAYER]. Its equivalent in Persian and Urdū is namāz, which has been corrupted into nmūz by the Afghāns. The word occurs with this meaning in the Qurʾān, [Sūrah ii. 239]: “Observe the prayers,” and in very many other places. It has also the meaning of prayer or supplication in its general sense, e.g. [Sūrah ix. 104]: “Pray for them, of a truth thy prayers shall assure their minds.” Also blessing, e.g. [Sūrah xxxiii. 56]: “Verily God and His Angels bless (not “pray for,” as rendered by Palmer) the Prophet.” (See Lane’s Dictionary, in loco.)
The word ṣalāt occurs with various combinations used to express different periods, and also special occasions of prayer.
The five stated liturgical prayers which are held to be of divine institution:—
(1) Ṣalātu ʾl-Z̤uhr, the meridian prayer.
(2) Ṣalātu ʾl-ʿAṣr, the afternoon prayer.