[Sūrah liv. 48]: “Taste ye the touch of saqar.”
[Sūrah lxxiv. 26]: “I will broil him in saqar! And what shall make thee know what saqar is?” It leaveth nought and spareth nought, blackening the skin of man.
SARACEN. A term used by Christian writers for the followers of Muḥammad, and applied not only to the Arabs, but to the Turks and other Muslim nations.
There is much uncertainty as to the origin of this word. The word Σαρακηνός was used by Ptolemy and Pliny, and also by Ammianus and Procopius, for certain Oriental tribes, long before the death of Muḥammad (see Gibbon). Some etymologists derive it from the Arabic sharq, “the rising sun, the East” (see Wedgwood’s Dict.). Others from ṣaḥrāʾ, “a desert,”—the people of the desert (see Webster). Gibbon thinks it may be from the Arabic saraqah, “theft,” denoting the thievish character of the nation; whilst some have even thought it may be derived from Sarah the wife of the Patriarch Abraham.
SARAH. Arabic Sārah (سارة), Heb. שָׂרָה, Greek Σάῤῥα. Abraham’s wife. Not mentioned by name in the Qurʾān, but referred to in [Sūrah xi. 74]: “And his wife was standing by laughing, and We gave her the glad tidings of Isaac, and of Jacob after Isaac.”
SARAQAH (سرقة). [[THEFT].]
ṢARF (صرف). (1) A term used for a special kind of sale or exchange. According to the Hidāyah, baiʿu ʾṣ-ṣarf, or ṣarf sale, means a pure sale, of which the articles opposed to each other in exchange are both representatives of price, as gold for gold or silver for silver. (See Hamilton’s Hidāyah, vol. ii. p. 551.)
(2) That part of grammar which relates to the declining of nouns and the conjugating of verbs.
ṢARĪḤ (صريح). Explicit or clear. A term used in Muslim law for that which is express in contradistinction to that which is kināyah, or implied. For example, the T̤alāqu ʾṣ-ṣarīḥ, is an explicit form of divorce, whilst T̤alāqu ʾl-kināyah is an implied form of divorce, as when a man says to his wife, “Thou art free.”
ṢĀRIQ (صارق). A thief. [[THEFT].]