English spelling and spelling reform

by Thomas Raynesford Lounsbury

• warrior, -our, n., [212], [320].
• weather-gage, n., [118].
• where, adv., [114].
• Whig, n., [87].
• whole, a., [15], [319].
• wholesome, a., [319].
• whot, a., [14], [15].
• wind, n., [126].
• wolf, n., [162].
• women, n., pl., [124].
• wood, n., [153].
• woud, pret., [319].
• would, pret., [77], [179], [319].
• wound, n., [154].

• ye (the), [98].
• yeoman, n., [127], [148].
• you, your, pr., [153], [155].
• young, a., [77].
• youth, n., [77].
• yt (that), [98].

GENERAL INDEX

• a, as in fare, represented by ai, by ay, by e, by ei, [114].
• “a, broad,” [109], [136];
• represented by au, by aw, by o, by oa, [114];
• by ou, [114], [156].
• “a, long,” an e sound, [103], [114];
• represented by ai, by ay, by ea, by ei, by ey, by e, by ao, by au, [115].
• a, long, represented by ua, by ea, by e, by au, [113].
• a, short, represented by ua, by ai, [114].
• a, sounds of, [100]-[103], [104], [106];
• weakened to e, [267];
• represents short e, [119], [120];
• represents short o, [126].
• Academies, influence of, [59].
• Addison, Joseph, [30], [31], [137].
• ae, digraph, disappearance of, [122], [123];
• represents “long e,” [122].
• ai, digraph, represents a of fare, [136];
• “long a,” [115], [136];
• “long i,” [77], [126], [137];
• short e, [119], [136].
• Allen, Grant, [117].
• Alphabet, for what invented, [73];
• English, [76];
• insufficiency of Roman, [97], [99], [107].
• American spelling, so-called, [18], [25]-[29], [32].
• Analogical spelling, [251], [254], [332]-[334].
• Anglo-French words, [234], [288].
• Anglo-Saxon, [27], [150], [175], [267], [291], [300].
• ao, digraph, represents “long a,” [115].
• Arber, Edward, [151], [268].
• Armstrong, John, [216], [217], [220].
• Arnold, Matthew, [59]-[70].
• Ascham, Roger, [127], [151], [268].
• Association, sentiment of, [10]-[16], [20], [35], [36].
• Ash, John, [228].
• au, digraph, represents “broad a,” [114];
• “long a,” [115];
• long a, [113].
• aw, digraph, [109], [136];
• represents “broad a,” [114].
• ay, digraph, represents a of fare, [114];
• “long a,” [115], [140];
• “long e,” [122],
• [141];
• “long i,” [77];
• short e, [119].

• b, unpronounced, [165]-[167], [172]-[175].
• Bacon, Sir Francis, [27].
• Bailey, Nathan, [64], [205].
• Black-letter, [212].
• Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, viscount, [217].
• Boston, [89], [302].
• Boswell, James, [218]-[221], [292].
• Bullokar, John, [64].
• Byron, George Gordon Noel, Lord, [131], [191].

• c, letter, [79], [80], [97], [305];
• before e, [26]-[28];
• unpronounced, [172], [175], [289].
• Cambridge University, [19].
• Cedo, derivatives of Latin, [8], [253].
• Celtic origin, words of, [156].
• ch, digraph, [185];
• sounded as k, kw, and sh, [186].
• Chaucer, Geoffrey, [63], [80], [197], [274].
• Child, Francis James, [8], [9], [91].
• Clarke, Mary Cowden, [29].
• Cocker, Edward, [64].
• Coles, Elisha, [64], [205].
• Congreve, William, [225].
• Consonants, sounds of, [160] ff.
• Copyists of manuscripts, [273]-[275].

• d, crossed letter, [97].
• d, letter and sound, [184], [188].
• Derivation, influence of, on
• spelling, [11], [190], [200], [209], [210], [212], [243], [247]-[251], [283]-[307].
• Dickens, Charles, [271], [316].
• Dictionaries, English, [277].
• See under [Ash], [Bailey], [Bullokar], [Cocker], [Coles], [Dyche and Pardon], [Fenning], [Johnson], [Johnston], [Kenrick], [Kersey], [Knowles], [Martin], [Minsheu], [Nares], [Perry], [Phillips], [Sheridan], [Smart], [Todd], [Walker], [Webster], [Worcester].
• Dictionary, New Historical English, [115], [139], [142], [144], [195].
• Digraphs, [108], [134]-[160].
• Diphthongs, [108], [133].
• Dryden, John, [318].
• Dyche and Pardon’s Dictionary, [64], [65], [205], [228].

• e, letter and sound, [103], [106], [265];
• final, unpronounced, [265]-[271];
• medial unpronounced, [246], [257];
• represents “short u,” [132].
• “e, long,” [105], [121], [136];
• represented by œ, [122], [123];
• by ay, [142];
• by ea, [142], [143];
• by ee, by ei, by eo, [148];
• by ey, [142];
• by ie, [149]; by œ, [152].
• e, short, represents long a, and “short u,” [113];
• short i, [123], [260], [262];
• is represented by ai, by ay, by ei, [119];
• by a, [119], [120];
• by ea, [119], [143];
• by eo, [119], [148];
• by ie, [150].
• ea, digraph, represents a of fare, [114];
• of father, [113], [144];
• “long a,” [115], [146];
• “long e,” [122], [143], [333];
• short e, [119], [143], [333];
• “short u,” [132], [143], [334].
• eau, represents long o, [127].
• ed, termination, sounded as t, [37].
• ee, digraph, [109], [136], [145];
• represents “long e,” [122], [136], [263];
• short i, [124], [136].
• ei, digraph, represents a of fare, [114], [145];
• “long a,” [104], [115], [145];
• “long e,” [122], [145]-[148];
• “long i,” [77], [126], [145]-[148];
• short e, [119], [145].
• Ellis, Alexander John, [274], [304].
• eo, digraph, represents “long e,” [122], [148];
• long o, [127], [148];
• short e, [119], [148].
• er or re, ending, [8], [26]-[35].
• eu, digraph, represents long u, [129];
• u with y element, [130], [148].
• ew, digraph, represents long o, [127];
• long u, [129];
• u with y element [130], [148].
• ey, digraph, represents “long a,” [104], [115], [142], [145];
• “long e,” [122], [142], [145];
• long i, [77], [126].

• f, letter and sound, [162];
• displacing ph, [287], [288].
• Farquhar, George, [225].
• French Academy, [48], [51].
• French methods contrasted with English, [42]-[48].
• French derivation, words of, [163], [169], [181], [196], [197], [233], [289], [290].
• French orthography, [47], [71].
• French, Old, [118], [176], [177], [179], [201].

• g, letter followed by e, [157];
• unpronounced, [172], [176], [285].
• Garrick, David, [147].
• German, orthography, [13], [49], [50], [166], [304], [306], [322].
• gh, digraph, [170], [172], [181].
• Gladstone, William Ewart, [53].
• Glossographia Anglicana Nova, [64].
• gn, words beginning with, [163], [164].
• Grammar of writers once altered, [21].
• Greek origin, words of, [165], [175], [176], [177], [287], [288], [294], [299].
• Grimm, Jakob, [90].