Quest. CL. Are all transgressions of the law of God equally heinous in themselves, and in the sight of God?
Answ. All transgressions of the law of God are not equally heinous. But some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.
Though all sins be objectively infinite, and equally opposite to the holiness of God; yet there are some circumstances attending them, which are of that pernicious tendency, that they render one sin more heinous than another; so that it is not to be thought of, without the greatest horror and resentment; as well as expose the sinner to a sorer condemnation, if it be not forgiven. These are such as strike at the very essentials of religion, and tend, as much as in us lies, to sap the foundation thereof; as when men deny the being and perfections of God, and practically disown their obligation, to yield obedience to him. And some sins against the second table, which more immediately respect our neighbour, are more heinous than others, in proportion to the degree of injury done him thereby. Thus the taking away the life of another, is more injurious, and consequently more aggravated than barely the hating of him; which is, nevertheless, a very great crime. Moreover, the same sin, whether against the Commandments of the first or second table, may be said to be more or less heinous, in proportion to the degree of obstinacy, deliberation, malice, or enmity against God, with which it is committed; but these things will more evidently appear under the following answer; which we proceed to consider,
Quest. CLI.
Quest. CLI. What are those aggravations which make some sins more heinous than others?
Answ. Sins receive their aggravations,
I. From the persons offending, if they be of riper age, greater experience, or grace, eminent for profession, gifts, place, office; guides to others, and whose example is likely to be followed by others.
Sins are greater than otherwise they would be when committed by those whose age and experience ought to have taught them better. Thus Elihu says, A multitude of years should teach wisdom, Job xxxii. 7. Many things would be a reproach to such persons, which are more agreeable to the character of children, than those who are advanced in age. Again, if they have had large experience of the grace of God, and been eminent for their profession, or gifts conferred on them. These circumstances will render the same sin more aggravated; for where much is given, an improvement is expected in proportion thereunto; and where great pretensions are made to religion, the acting disagreeable thereunto, enhances the guilt, and renders the sin more heinous. Again, if the person offending be in an eminent station, or office in the world, or the church; so that he is either a guide to others, or the eyes of many are upon him, who will be apt to follow and receive prejudice by his example. When such an one commits a public and open sin, it is more aggravated than if it had been committed by another. Thus God bids the prophet Ezekiel see what the ancients of the house of Israel do in the dark, every man in the chambers of his imagery, Ezek. viii. 12. And the prophet Jeremiah speaks of those who ought to have been guides to the people, viz. the priests and the prophets, Jer. xxiii. 11. 14. who transgressed against the Lord; and charges this on them as an extraordinary instance of wickedness; which their character in the world, and the church rendered more heinous, though it was exceeding heinous in itself.
II. Sins receive their aggravations, from the parties offended; if immediately against God, his attributes, and worship, against Christ, and his grace; the holy Spirit, his witness, and workings, against superiors, men of eminency, and such as we stand especially related and engaged unto; against any of the saints, particularly weak brethren, the souls of them, or any other, and the common good of all or many.
There is no sin but what may be said to be committed against God; yet,