[150] Iliad, ii.
[151] Hand-Book of Ancient Art and its Remains, p. 12.
[152] Strabo, xii, 5.
[153] A toga of limited dimensions.
[154] Ancient Art and its Remains, p. 131.
[155] Cyprus. London, 1877.
[156] Handy-book of the British Museum, 1870.
[157] βακτηρίον. A bacterion is now a disease-germ. A marked instance of how the sense of words may become changed.
[158] Of course, it is possible enough that Æsculapius carried a staff at times. The Greeks, however, were not so much given to the practice as some other peoples, as the Egyptians (see Rawlinson’s Egypt and Babylon, p. 240. New York, 1885), or the Babylonians, of whom Herodotus (i, 195) says that “every one carries a walking-stick carved at the top into the form of an apple, a rose, a lily, an eagle, or something similar.”
[159] Ὀμφαλός means navel. Umbilicus was derived from it. The Jews regarded Jerusalem as the navel of the earth (see Ezekiel, v, 5), and also every other people has flattered itself as having it within its possessions. (See chap. iv of Rev. Dr. William F. Warren’s Paradise Found. Sixth edition. Boston, 1885.)