- Cæspitose, growing in tufts.
- Calcareous, chalky, chalk-like.
- Calyptra, applied to the portion of volva covering the pileus.
- Campanulate, bell-shaped.
- Canaliculate, channelled.
- Cancellate, latticed, marked both longitudinally and transversely.
- Cap, the expanded, umbrella-like receptacle of the common mushroom.
- Capillitium, spore-bearing threads, variable in thickness and color, sometimes continuous with the sterile base, sometimes free, dense, and persistent, or lax and evanescent, often branched; found in the Lycoperdons.
- Carious, decayed.
- Carneous, fleshy.
- Cartilaginous, hard and tough.
- Castaneous, chestnut color.
- Ceraceous, wax-like.
- Channelled, hollowed out like a gutter.
- Chlorosis, loss of color.
- Cilia, marginal hair-like processes.
- Ciliate, fringed with hair-like processes.
- Cinerous, ash-colored.
- Circinate, rounded.
- Clathrate, latticed.
- Clavate, club-shaped, gradually thickened upward.
- Close, packed closely side by side; also styled crowded.
- Columella, a sterile tissue rising column-like in the midst of the capillitium, serving as a point of insertion for the threads which connect it with the peridium in the form of a net-work.
- Concentric, having a common center, as a series of rings one within another.
- Connate, united by growing, as when two or more caps become united.
- Concolored, of a uniform color.
- Confervoid, from the finely branched threads.
- Continuous, without a break, of a surface which is not cracked, or of one part which runs into another without interruption.
- Cordate, heart-shaped.
- Coriaceous, of a leathery texture.
- Corrugated, drawn into wrinkles or folds.
- Corticated, furnished with a bark-like covering.
- Cortina, a partial veil formed not of continuous tissue but of slender threads, which in certain mushrooms when young unite the stem with the margin of the cap. This membrane remains later as a filamentous ring on the stem, or threads hanging to the margin of cap. Applied to the peculiar veil of the Cortinarias.
- Cratera, a cup-shaped receptacle.
- Crenate, crenulate, notched at the edge, the notches blunt or rounded, not sharp as in a serrated edge, serratures convex.
- Cribrose, pierced with holes.
- Cryptogamia, applied to the division of nonflowering plants.
- Cupreous, copper-colored.
- Cuspidate, with a sharp, spear-like point.
- Cyathiform, cup-shaped.
- Cystidia, sterile cells of the hymenium, generally larger than the basidia cells, with which they are found.
- Deciduous, temporary falling off.
- Decurrent, as when the gills of a mushroom are prolonged down the stem.
- Dehiscent, a closed organ opening of itself at maturity, or when it has attained a certain development.
- Deliquescent, relating to mushrooms which at maturity become liquid.
- Dentate, toothed, with concave serratures.
- Denticulate, finely dentate.
- Dermini, brown or rust colored spores.
- Determinate, ending definitely; having a distinctly defined outline.
- Diaphanous, transparent.
- Dichotomous, paired by twos; regularly forked.
- Dimidiate, applied to some gills of mushrooms which reach only halfway to the stem.
- Disciform, of a circular, flat form.
- Dissepiments, dividing walls.
- Distant, applied to gills which have a wide distance between them.
- Divaricate, separating at an obtuse angle.
- Echinate, furnished with stiff bristles.
- Echinulate, with minute bristles.
- Effused, spread over without regular form.
- Elongate, lengthened.
- Emarginate, applied to gills which are notched or scooped out suddenly before they reach the stem.
- Embryo, the mushroom before leaving its volva or egg stage; also any early stage of mushrooms which may have no volva.
- Entire, the edge quite devoid of serrature or notch.
- Epidermis, the external or outer layer of the plant.
- Epiphytal, growing upon another plant.
- Equal, all gills of the same, or nearly the same length from back to front.
- Eroded, the edge ragged, as if torn.
- Etiolated, whitened, bleached.
- Even, distinguished from smooth: a surface quite plane as contrasted with one which is striate, pitted, etc.
- Excentric, out of center. The stems of some mushrooms are always excentric.
- Exotic, foreign.
- Family, a systematic group in scientific classification embracing a greater or less number of genera which agree in certain characters not shared by others of the same order.
- Farinaceous, mealy.
- Farinose, covered with a white, mealy powder.
- Fascia, a band or bar.
- Fasciate, zoned with bands.
- Fasciculate, growing in small bundles.
- Fastigiate, bundled together like a sheath.
- Favose, honeycombed.
- Ferruginous, rust-colored.
- Fibrillose, clothed with small fibers.
- Fibrous, composed of fibers.
- Filiform, thread-like.
- Fimbriated, fringed.
- Fissile, capable of being split.
- Fistular, fistulose, tubular.
- Flabelliform, fan-shaped.
- Flavescent, yellowish, or turning yellow.
- Flexuose, wavy.
- Flocci, threads as of mold.
- Floccose, downy.
- Flocculose, covered with flocci.
- Foveolate, pitted.
- Free, in relation to the gills of mushrooms reaching the stem but not attached to it.
- Fringe, a lacerated marginal membrane.
- Fructification, reproducing power of a plant.
- Fugacious, disappearing rapidly.
- Furcate, forked.
- Fuliginous, blackish or sooty.
- Fulvous, tawny; a rather indefinite brownish yellow.
- Furfuraceous, with branny scales or scurf.
- Fuscous, brownish, but dingy; not pure.
- Fusiform, spindle-shaped.
- Genera, plural of genus.
- Generic, pertaining to a genus.
- Genus, a group of species having one or more characteristics in common; the union of several genera presenting the same features constitutes a tribe.
- Gibbous, in the form of a swelling; of a pileus which is more convex or tumid on one side than the other.
- Gills, vertical plates radiating from the stem on the under surface of the mushroom cap.
- Glabrous, smooth.
- Glaucescent, inclining to glaucose.
- Glaucose, covered with a whitish-green bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed off.
- Globose, nearly spherical.
- Granular, with roughened surface.
- Greaved, of a stem clothed like a leg in armor.
- Gregarious, of mushrooms not solitary but growing in numbers in the same locality.
- Grumous, clotted; composed of little clustered grains.
- Guttate, marked with tear-like spots.
- Gyrose, circling in wavy folds.
- Habitat, natural abode of a vegetable species.
- Hepatic, pertaining to the liver; hence, liver-colored.
- Heterogeneous, of a structure which is different from adjacent ones.
- Hibernal, pertaining to winter.
- Hirsute, hairy.
- Homogeneous, similar in structure.
- Hyaline, transparent.
- Hygrophanous, looking watery when moist and opaque when dry.
- Hymenium, the fructifying surface of the mushroom; the part on which the spores are borne.
- Hymenophore, the structure which bears the hymenium.
- Hypogæous, subterranean.
- Identification, the determination of the species to which a given specimen belongs.
- Identify, to determine the systematic name of a specimen.
- Imbricate, overlapped like tiles.
- Immarginate, without a distinct border.
- Immersed, sunk into the matrix.
- Incised, cut out; cut away.
- Indehiscent, not opening.
- Indigenous, native of a country.
- Inferior, growing below; of the ring of an agaric, which is far down on the stem.
- Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped.
- Innate, adhering by growing into.
- Inserted, growing like a graft from its stock.
- Involute, edges rolled inward.
- Laciniate, divided into flaps.
- Lactescent, milk-bearing.
- Lacunose, pitted or having cavities.
- Lamellæ, gills of mushrooms.
- Lanceolate, lance-shaped; tapering to both ends.
- Lateral, attached to one side.
- Latex, the viscid fluid contained in some mushrooms.
- Laticiferous, applied to the tubes conveying latex, as in the Lactarias.
- Lepidote, scurfy with minute scales.
- Leucospore, white spore.
- Ligneous, woody consistency.
- Linear, narrow and straight.
- Linguiform, tongue-shaped.
AUTHORITIES CONSULTED.
Fries, Saccardo, Kromholtz, Cooke and Berkeley, M. C. Cooke, Peck, Stevenson, Badham, Gillet, Boyer, Gibson, Roques, Hussey, Hay, Bel, Paulet and Leveille, Constantin and Dufour, Barla, Roze, W. G. Smith, Vittadini.