The Spirit Lake Massacre

by Thomas Teakle

• Addington, Jesse, [150], [167], [192], [200], [204]
• Adel, Indian battle near, [284]
• Aldrich, Charles, memorial secured through efforts of, [263], [264];
• reference to, [264], [266];
• agitation by, for monument at lakes, [264], [265];
• statement by, [301], [302]
• Alexander, E. B., expedition sent out by, [128];
• desire of, to secure rescue of captives, [225], [226];
• plans of, for punishment of Inkpaduta, [246]
• Algona, first settlement near, [38];
• reference to, [49], [65];
• Indian depredations near, [282];
• Indian battle near, [284]
• Allegheny Mountains, [269]
• Allotment of land, [9], [10]
• American Fur Company, undue influence of, [22], [24], [25]
• Ammunition, demand of Indians for, [98]
• Anderson, Thomas, [165]
• Annuities, failure to fulfil promises concerning, [9], [10];
• payment of traders out of, [15];
• sharing of Inkpaduta in, [71];
• trouble over, [240], [241], [248-251], [256];
• desire of Inkpaduta to share in, [254];
• reference to, [279], [293]
• An-pe-tu-tok-cha, ransom of Abbie Gardner by, [232-239];
• speech by, [242], [243];
• expedition guided by, [257]
• Army, method of transportation in, [247], [248]
• Ash Hollow, massacre at, [4], [277], [278]
• Ashland, [86]
• Ashton (South Dakota), [235]
• Bach Grove, [165], [309]
• Baker, D. H., [167]
• Bancroft, Indian depredations near, [282]
• Barnes’s Grove, [40]
• Beaver, shooting of, [190];
• attempt of men to eat, [206], [207]
• Beaver Creek, [170]
• Bee, Barnard E., relief expedition under, [128-131];
• determination of, to make expedition, [131];
• activities of expedition under, [153-158];
• reference to, [191];
• Abbie Gardner honored by, [241];
• reason for failure of, to capture Inkpaduta, [247];
• service of, in Civil War, [298]
• Bell, Abner, [93]
• Benjamin, Hiram, [167]
• Berkley, Granville, [36]
• Bice, Orlando, [167]
• Bicknell, James, [39], [88];
• robbing of home of, [89]
• Big Bend, [34]
• Big Drift Wood Lake, [252]
• Big Face, [74]
• Big Island Grove, [122];
• relief expedition at, [182], [183];
• evidence of Indians at, [183]
• Big Sioux River, [63], [65], [72], [73], [215], [218], [220], [223], [226], [229], [233];
• difficulty in crossing, [221];
• killing of Mrs. Thatcher while crossing, [221], [222]
• Bissell, George R., [169], [188]
• Black Buffalo, [135]
• Black Eagle, [64] (see Wamdisapa)
• Black Hawk, defeat of, [6]
• Blaine (Washington), [273]
• Blizzard, [197], [198];
• experiences of members of burial detail during, [199-202];
• experiences of members of relief expedition during, [208-211], [310]
• Blood revenge, practice of, among Sioux, [75-77]
• “Bloody Run”, [34], [35]
• Blue Earth River, [41], [65], [66]
• Blue River, [277]
• Bonebright, [165]
• Boone, [32]
• Boone River, [31], [309];
• Lott’s trading house on, [31], [32]
• Boonesboro, [33]
• Border Plains, news of massacre carried to, [163];
• reference to, [166]
• Boyer River, [18];
• depredations along, [68], [69]
• Bradshaw, John, [57], [58], [134], [140], [142], [149], [187], [189]
• Brainard, James, [165]
• Brewer family, [164]
• Brizee, George W., [167], [206];
• mock court-martial of, [179]
• Brown, James A., visit of Indians at cabin of, [86], [87]
• Brown, Sam, [256], [257]
• Brulé Sioux Indians, campaign against, [277], [278]
• Buena Vista County, alarm in, [22];
• settlement in, [40];
• Inkpaduta’s band in, [87];
• reference to, [88];
• Indian depredations in, [282]
• Buffalo, disappearance of, [10];
• reference to, [235]
• Bull Run, battle of, [298]
• Burdens, size of, carried by captives, [216], [217]
• Burial detail, activities of, [192-205]
• Burkholder, William E., [167], [192], [197], [200], [214], [266];
• death of, by freezing, [204], [205];
• burial of body of, [309]
• Burtch, Asa, [60], [61], [96], [180], [196], [289], [305]
• Byron (Minnesota), [272], [301]
• Cabin, erection of, by Gardner, [51]
• California, [35]
• California trail, [21]
• Call, Ambrose A., [38], [49]
• Call, Asa C, [38], [49]
• Callagan, Thomas, [166]
• Calumets, making of, [219]
• Camp fires, [171]
• Campbell, Joseph, [252], [256], [257]
• Canada, [70], [256], [290];
• flight of Inkpaduta to, [255]
• Cannon River, [66]
• Captives, treatment of, by Indians, [119-121];
• experiences of among Indians, [215-224];
• difficulty of, in crossing stream, [219], [220];
• plans for rescue of, [226], [245];
• sale of, [234]
• Carpenter, Cyrus C, [180], [184], [264], [265], [266], [267], [309];
• statement by, [182], [210], [211]
• Carse, Henry, [167], [192], [198];
• sufferings of, [201], [202], [203]
• Carter, Richard, [167]
• Carter, R. F., [167]
• Carter family, [285]
• Carver, David N., [58], [134], [140], [148], [149];
• wounding of, [141]
• Cassady, Sherman, [165]
• Catlin, George, [311]
• Cattle, shelter for, [51];
• killing of, [85], [87], [101], [183]
• Cavanagh, Michael, [167]
• Cedar Falls, [39], [60], [89]
• Cedar River, [18]
• Center Grove Township, [46]
• Centerville, [33]
• Chatterton, Mr., [167]
• Cheffins, Joseph B., [58], [138];
• news of massacre carried to agency by, [126], [127]
• Chemeuse, [33]
• Cherokee, settlement near, [40];
• reference to, [41], [85], [87]
• Cherokee County, settlement in, [40];
• Inkpaduta’s band in, [85]
• Che-tan-maza, ransom of Abbie Gardner by, [232-239];
• reference to, [267]
• Cheyenne River, [68]
• Chippewa Indians, treaty with, [7];
• reference to, [13], [24]
• Christian Indians, ransom of Mrs. Marble by, [226-231];
• reference to, [312]
• Church, William L., [57], [177], [178], [184], [187], [189], [273]
• Church, Mrs. William L., [133], [156];
• Indian shot by, [141]
• Churubusco, [177]
• Civil War, service of Bee in, [298]
• Clark, Robert, [60], [61], [100], [101], [118], [289];
• attempt of, to warn settlers, [100];
• burial of body of, [195]
• Clarke, Newman S., [18]
• Clay County, settlements in, [39], [40];
• Inkpaduta’s band in, [88-93]
• Clear Lake, Grindstone War near, [26-28];
• Gardner at, [48], [49];
• Indian battle near, [284]
• Cloudman, statement by, [10]
• Collins, Mrs. Elwood, statement by, [212], [213]
• Columbus (Ohio), [244]
• Commissary, [169]
• Commissioner of Indian Affairs, [20]
• Company A (Relief Expedition), officers of, [166];
• members of, [167];
• mock court-martial by, [179];
• recruits for, [180];
• night camp of, [182]
• Company B (Relief Expedition), officers of, [166];
• members of, [167];
• discharge of members of, [178];
• recruits for, [180]
• Company C (Relief Expedition), officers and members of, [165];
• recruits for, [178];
• celebration by, [179];
• memorial to, at Webster City, [263], [264];
• reference to, [309]
• Congress, appeal to Iowa delegation in, [20];
• appropriations by, for relief of Spirit Lake sufferers, [260-263]
• Conlan, Patrick, [165]
• Connecticut, [47]
• Conrad, Julius, [167]
• Corn, picking of, by Indians, [78], [79]
• Correctionville, [41];
• Inkpaduta’s band at, [84], [85]
• Corsau, Mr. [213]
• Coursalle, Mr., information given by, [153], [154];
• service of, as guide, [154-156];
• reference to, [158], [215], [300]
• Coursalle, Mrs. [156]
• Coursalle’s Grove, [153]
• Coursalle’s trading post, [136]
• Court-martial, [179]
• Courts, inability of Indians to sue in, [14]
• Crawford, L. D., [167]
• Credit, giving of, to Indians, [25]
• Crouse, A. E., [167]
• Crow Wing (Minnesota), [279]
• Cullen, W. J., statement by, [15], [16];
• efforts of, to secure expedition of Indians, [248-252];
• difficulties of, with Indians, [253], [254];
• reference to, [261]
• Custer massacre, Inkpaduta at, [255]
• Cylinder Creek, [61], [179], [198], [209], [210], [214];
• rise in, [207];
• camp on, [210], [211];
• breaking up of expedition after crossing, [211]
• Dakota City, march of relief expedition to, [172], [173];
• reference to, [174], [176], [179];
• Indian depredations at, [282]
• Dakota River, [63], [234]
• Dakota Territory, sufferings of Indians in, [43], [67], [73], [82], [219], [245], [248], [291]
• Dallas County, [285]
• Dalley, Henry E., [165], [192], [202], [203], [307]
• Darke County (Ohio), [229]
• Dawson, J. W., [167]
• Debts, payment of, to traders, [14-16]
• Defense, preparations for, at Springfield, [132-137]
• De Fore, William, [167]
• De Foe, William A., [167], [184], [192]
• Delaware County, [54]
• Des Moines, [36], [265]
• Des Moines City, [56]
• Des Moines River, [17], [19], [29], [30], [31], [32], [34], [37], [41], [56], [63], [68], [73], [122], [124], [129], [132], [139], [153], [161], [179] [181], [183], [185], [193], [198], [202], [205];
• settlements along, [38], [39];
• march of relief expedition up, [172]
• Des Moines Valley, [35], [160], [179];
• settlements in, [39]
• Dickerson, James, trouble of, with Indians, [27]
• Dickerson, Mrs. James, [27]
• Dickinson County, early visitors in, [44];
• reference to, [229]
• Dog, eating of, by Indians, [217], [237], [238]
• Dragoon Trail, [180]
• Dry Wood, [290]
• Dubuque, [17], [30], [244]
• Duncombe, John F., [166], [171], [174], [176], [188], [190], [208], [264], [265];
• laudanum taken by, [176], [177]
• Dungan, Warren S., [268]
• Earth Lodges, [234]
• East Okoboji Lake, [46], [161]
• Eastman, Charles, [255]
• Edyington (Ohio), [48]
• Elk, hunting of, by Indians, [79]
• Elk Rapids, [33]
• Emmet, [41]
• Emmet County, [39], [122]
• Emmetsburg, beginning of, [38], [39], [181]
• End of the Snake, captives purchased by, [234]
• Erie, John [165]
• Estherville, [41]
• Europe, [4]
• Evans, Jeremiah, [177], [178]
• Exile, method of becoming, [291]
• Farney, John, [167]
• Fenton, Charles T., [164], [263]
• Fire, method of starting, [202], [203]
• Fire Cloud, [74];
• killing of, [253]
• Flandrau, Charles E., news of massacre carried to Fort Ridgely by, [128];
• account of expedition by, [130], [131];
• activities of, upon receipt of news of massacre, [225], [226];
• reference to, [229], [242], [243], [259], [267], [317];
• Indians paid by, for ransom of Mrs. Marble, [230], [231];
• efforts of, to secure release of captives, [232], [233];
• Mrs. Marble taken to St. Paul by, [239], [240];
• payment of Indians secured by, [245];
• payment of bond issued by, [245], [246];
• plans of, for punishment of Inkpaduta, [246];
• investigation and report by, [247], [248];
• expedition against Indians raised by, [256-259]
• Flandrau (South Dakota), [220], [224]
• Florida, [247]
• Flour, demand of Indians for, [102];
• confiscation of, [180]
• Food, journey east to secure, [59-61];
• giving of, to Indians, [97], [98], [116];
• lack of, among Indians, [217], [218]
• Ford, William N., [167], [192]
• Fort Clarke, establishment of, [17];
• change of name of, [281]
• Fort Dodge (military post), establishment of, [17], [280], [281];
• reference to, [18], [19];
• abandonment of, [18];
• naming of, [281]
• Fort Dodge (town), alarm near, [20];
• reference to, [28], [30], [31], [33], [34], [37], [39], [59], [99], [102], [125], [151], [159], [160], [178], [180], [184], [189], [196], [211], [215], [244], [266], [272], [295], [301], [305], [309];
• company raised at, [35];
• settlements northwest of, [38];
• news of depredations taken to, [92], [93];
• attempt to organize relief party at, [93];
• plan of Gardner to make trip to, [96], [97];
• news of massacre carried to, [124];
• organization of relief expedition at, [159-169];
• arrival of Howe and Wheelock at, [162];
• arrival of Webster City company at, [164], [165];
• departure of relief expedition from, [170];
• return of part of men to, [199];
• return of members of relief expedition to, [213], [214]
• Fort Kearney, [277]
• Fort Laramie, [21], [277]
• Fort Leavenworth, [277]
• Fort Pierre, [82], [277]
• Fort Randall, [18]
• Fort Ridgely, establishment of, [18];
• reference to, [35], [72], [130], [138], [139], [143], [147], [158], [178], [179], [225], [241], [242], [246], [249], [256];
• news of massacre carried to, [122-127];
• sending of relief expedition from, [128-131];
• arrival of relief expedition from, [153-158]
• Fort Snelling, [17], [18], [280], [281]
• Fort Wayne (Indiana), [272]
• Franklin County, [54]
• Freeborn, William, [39]
• Fremont, John C., [45]
• Frontier, advance of, [1-8];
• disreputable elements on, [11], [23];
• failure of government to protect, [12];
• lack of protection on, [17-25];
• settlements on, in 1857, [37-41];
• winter of 1856-1857 on, [42], [43];
• plan for attacks on, [69], [74];
• efforts to secure protection of, [260];
• tribute to services of pioneers on, [268];
• disappearance of, [269]
• Frost, Nathaniel, [58], [153];
• trip of, to Slocum’s farm, [135]
• Fuller House, [240], [242]
• Funk, A. B., [265], [316]
• Funk family, [164]
• Gaboo, Joe, [153], [156], [300]
• Galbraith, Agent, [254]
• “Galena” (steamboat), [244]
• Gales, John, [167]
• Game, disappearance of, [10], [11], [42]
• Gar Lake, [160]
• Gardner, Abbie, [47], [103], [113], [121], [228], [234], [245], [246], [267];
• taking of, as captive, [103], [104];
• early experiences of, in captivity, [111], [112];
• burden borne by, [216], [217];
• attitude of, toward captivity, [220];
• history of ransom of, [232-244];
• price paid for ransom of, [237];
• journey of, from Yellow Medicine to St. Paul, [240-242];
• ceremony in honor of, [242], [243];
• war bonnet presented to, [243];
• return of, to friends in Iowa, [244];
• marriage of, [270]
• (see Sharp, Mrs. Abbie Gardner)
• Gardner, Eliza, [47], [57], [121], [133], [195], [244], [270]
• Gardner, Francis M., [118]
• Gardner, Mary, [47];
• marriage of, [50]
• Gardner, Rowland, migrations of, [47-50];
• arrival of, at Lake Okoboji, [50];
• settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [50-53];
• reference to, [57], [118], [133];
• camp of Indians near cabin of, [95], [96];
• plan of, for trip to Fort Dodge, [96], [97];
• first visit of Indians to cabin of, [97], [98];
• fears of, [99], [100];
• killing of cattle of, [101];
• suspense in cabin of, [101];
• desire of, to resist Indians, [102];
• massacre at cabin of, [102-104];
• pillaging of cabin of, [104];
• discovery of massacre at cabin of, [123];
• burial of victims of massacre at cabin of, [195];
• burial party at cabin of, [195], [196];
• monument near cabin of, [266];
• preëmpting of claim of, [270]
• Gardner, Rowland, Jr., [47], [118];
• killing of, [103]
• Gardner, Mrs. Rowland, [51], [97];
• unwillingness of, to resist Indians, [102];
• effort of, to prevent murder, [102];
• killing of, [103]
• Gates, Emery W., [165], [171], [213];
• meal cooked by, [179]
• Gates, John, [165]
• Gens, meaning of, [290]
• Gillespie, Mrs., [273]
• Gillett brothers, visit of Indians to, [91], [92];
• Indian killed by, [92];
• flight of, [92]
• Gillett, Mrs. [92]
• Gillett’s Grove, settlement at, [39];
• reference to, [41], [53], [94], [113];
• Inkpaduta’s band at, [91], [92]
• Goodenough, Lee, [194], [307]
• Governor, [262], [263], [265]
• Government (see United States government)
• Granger, Carl, settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [52], [53];
• reference to, [105], [118];
• killing of, [107];
• burial of body of, [195]
• Granger, George, settlement of, [39];
• journey of, to Springfield, [124], [125];
• reference to, [132], [135], [150]
• Granger, William, settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [52], [53]
• Granger’s Point, news of massacre carried to, [124];
• reference to, [150], [151], [152], [158], [160], [189], [196], [206];
• march of relief expedition to, [182-191];
• arrival of relief expedition at, [190], [191];
• return of men to, [198]
• Gray Foot, ransom of Mrs. Marble by, [226-231]
• Great American Desert, [269]
• Green, Johnny, [33]
• Greenwood (New York), [47]
• Griffith, Josiah, [165]
• Grimes, James W., [19], [162], [168], [282], [295];
• efforts of, to secure frontier protection, [20];
• refusal of, to call out militia, [21];
• letter to Pierce from, [21], [22]
• Grindstone War, events of, [26-28];
• reference to, [49]
• Gun-caps, giving of, to Indians, [98]
• Guns, taking of, from Indians, [80];
• re-taking of, by Indians, [82]
• Hamilton County, [36], [265], [286];
• memorial in court house of, [263], [264]
• Hammond, Robert, treatment of, by Indians, [84]
• Hampton, [54], [55], [60], [110], [244], [270], [272]
• Harney, General, campaign of, [4], [82];
• attitude of Sioux toward, [82];
• massacre of Indians by troops under, [277], [278]
• Harriott, Isaac H., settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [52], [53];
• reference to, [98], [99], [105], [118];
• killing of, [106], [107];
• burial of body of, [195]
• Harrison County, alarm in, [20], [22]
• Harshman, Joseph, [55], [105], [118];
• killing of, [106], [107]
• Harshman, Mr., [57], [58]
• Hathaway, A. Newton, [165], [184], [212], [213]
• Hay, making of, [51]
• Hazelwood Republic, [312]
• Hefley, John, [167]
• Hempstead, Stephen, [19], [28]
• Henderson, John, [58], [134], [142], [145], [158], [302];
• abandonment of, [152]
• Heron Lake, journey of Inkpaduta’s band to, [113-121];
• arrival of Indians at, [120];
• reference to, [131], [139], [145], [146], [216], [218];
• journey of expedition to, [154], [155]
• Hewett, Mr. [26]
• Hickey, James, [165]
• Hillock, Humphrey C., [165]
• His Great Gun, [74]
• Hogs, killing of, [85], [87]
• Holcombe, Mr., statement by, [255]
• Homer, inquest at, [35], [36];
• news of massacre carried to, [163];
• reference to, [166], [286]
• Hood, Andrew, [180]
• Hoover, Harris, [165], [209]
• Horses, killing of, [85];
• use of, by Indians, [113], [114];
• treatment of, by Indians, [218]
• Howe, Alfred, [118], [296]
• Howe, Jacob, [111], [118], [296];
• burial of body of, [194]
• Howe, Joel, settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [54], [55];
• reference to, [60], [118];
• killing of, [109];
• massacre at cabin of, [109], [110];
• discovery of massacre at cabin of, [123], [161];
• burial of victims of massacre at cabin of, [193], [194];
• burial of body of, [194];
• finding of body of, [307], [308]
• Howe, Mrs. Joel, [108];
• killing of, [109]
• Howe, Jonathan, [54], [60], [61], [118], [289], [296]
• Howe, Millie, [118]
• Howe, Orlando C., visit of, to lake region, [159], [160];
• return of, to Jasper County, [160];
• second trip of, to lakes, [160], [161];
• massacre discovered by, [160], [161];
• news taken to Fort Dodge by, [161], [162];
• reference to, [167], [192], [196], [297]
• Howe, Philetus, [118], [296]
• Howe, Sardis, [118], [296]
• Howell, D. F., [167]
• Howland, M. W., [165], [209]
• Hughes, Thomas, [280]
• Humboldt County, alarm in, [22];
• Lott’s cabin in, [34];
• Indian depredations in, [282]
• Illinois, [181]
• Indian agent, activities of, in behalf of captives, [225], [226], [229], [230], [231]
• Indian agents, lack of power on part of, [13], [24]
• Indians, attitude of, toward whites, [2], [3];
• refusal of, to work, [3], [4];
• military expeditions against, [4];
• title to Iowa soil ceded by, [5-8];
• wrongs done to, [9-16];
• criminals among, [12];
• liquor traffic among, [13];
• power of traders over, [13-16], [24], [25];
• reasons for resentment of, [22-25];
• outlaw band of, [29], [63-71];
• feeling of, after murder of Sidominadota, [36];
• attitude of, toward advancing frontier, [37], [38];
• sufferings of, during winter of 1856-1857, [43];
• feeding of, by settlers, [61], [62];
• treatment of captives by, [112], [119-121], [215-224];
• preparations for defense against, [132-137];
• attack on Springfield by, [138-146];
• flight of settlers from, [147-152];
• nearness of troops to camp of, [156], [157];
• evidence of presence of, [183];
• fugitives mistaken for, [185], [186];
• guard against surprise by, [189];
• attitude of, toward pipestone quarry, [218], [219];
• trouble with, over annuities, [240], [241], [248-251];
• plan for campaign against, [246];
• disappearance of, [269], [270];
• depredations by, [282];
• effect of whiskey on, [283];
• record of massacre made by, [297]
• (see also Sioux Indians, Sac and Fox Indians, etc.)
• Inkpaduta, [18], [131], [160], [183];
• description of band under, [63-71];
• expulsion of, from gens, [63], [64];
• ambitions of, [66], [71];
• murders by, [66], [67];
• evil reputation of, [67], [68];
• depredations by band under, [68], [69];
• disintegration of band under, [69], [70];
• description of, [69], [70];
• character of, [70], [71];
• plan of, to secure revenge, [72-77];
• movements of band under, [72-74];
• members of band under, [73], [74];
• reasons for desire of, for revenge, [74-77];
• relations between Sidominadota and, [75], [76];
• actions of band under, at Smithland, [78-83];
• depredations by, between Smithland and Lake Okoboji, [84-93];
• first day of massacre by band under, [94-107];
• second day of massacre by band under, [108-112];
• massacre of Marble by Indians under, [113-118];
• activities of Indians under, at Heron Lake, [120], [121];
• attack on Springfield by, [138-146];
• pursuit of, by Captain Bee, [154-157];
• nearness of troops to Indians under, [156], [157];
• pursuit of, abandoned, [157], [158];
• treatment of captives by Indians under, [215-224];
• plans for rescue of captives held by, [226];
• ransom of Mrs. Marble from band under, [226-231];
• moving of camp by, [233], [234];
• sale of captives by, [234];
• efforts to punish, [245-259];
• pursuit of, by Indians, [252], [253];
• killing of son of, [253], [258];
• defection in band under, [253];
• end of efforts to punish, [254];
• later life of, [254-256];
• death of, [256];
• last expedition against Indians under, [256-259];
• appropriations for expeditions against, [260-263];
• explanation of condition of Indians under, [290];
• exile of, [291];
• number of Indians under, [293]
• Iowa, attitude of Indians toward, [3];
• extinguishment of Indian title to soil of, [5-8];
• lack of frontier protection in, [17-25];
• winter of 1856-1857 in, [42], [43];
• reference to, [43], [67], [256], [278];
• Inkpaduta’s band in, [68], [69];
• return of Abbie Gardner to, [244];
• memorial tributes of, to persons involved in massacre, [260-268];
• amount received by, for Spirit Lake Relief Expedition, [261-263];
• appropriation by legislature of, [262];
• Indian warfare in, [284]
• Iowa City, [41]
• Iowa Indians, removal of, from Iowa, [6];
• murder of, by Sioux, [290]
• Iowa River, [281]
• Irish Colony, [38], [61], [180], [193], [196], [198], [201], [206], [207], [210], [309];
• march of relief expedition to, [180];
• relief expedition at, [181];
• refugees sent to, [189];
• reaching of, by burial party, [203], [204]
• Ishtahabah, [284]
• Jackson, Frank D., [265]
• Jackson, Thomas E., sobriquet of, [298]
• Jackson (Minnesota), [37], [266];
• settlement at, [38]
• Jacques River (see James River)
• Jagmani, [279]
• James River, [63], [215], [234], [235], [238];
• rendezvous of Indians on, [65]
• Jasper County, [159], [160]
• John Other Day, ransom of Abbie Gardner by, [232-239];
• expedition guided by, [257];
• services of, at time of massacre of 1862, [312]
• Johns, John, [35]
• Johnson, Albert S., [167], [184]
• Johnson, John C., [165], [192], [194], [200], [214], [266], [307], [309];
• enlistment of, [165], [166];
• burial detail commanded by, [192];
• division in party under, [196], [197];
• sufferings of party under command of, [199-205];
• efforts to find, [204];
• death of, by freezing, [204], [205]
• Johnston, Albert Sidney, [246]
• Joshpaduta, story concerning, [285], [286]
• Kane County (Illinois), [38]
• Kanesville, [40]
• Kansas, [82]
• Kasominee, [284]
• Kellogg, Elias D., [165], [192], [202], [203]
• Kirchner, Christian, [93]
• Kirchner, J. A., [39], [40]
• Kirchner, Jacob, [39], [40], [88];
• ill-treatment of family of, by Indians, [89]
• Koons, William N., [166]
• Kossuth County, alarm in, [22];
• Indian depredations in, [282]
• Knoxville, [194]
• Lac D’Esprit, [44]
• Lac qui Parle, [229]
• La Framboise, Joseph, [130], [154], [155], [215]
• Lake Benton, [254]
• Lake Herman, [233]
• Lake Madison, [224], [233], [234], [236]
• Lake M’da Chan-Pta-Ya Tonka, [224]
• Lake Okoboji, attitude of Indians toward, [1];
• settlement at, [39];
• reference to, [41], [88], [137], [142];
• early visitors at, [44];
• early accounts of, [44], [45];
• description of, [46], [47];
• arrival of Gardner at, [47], [50];
• settlement on shores of, [50-56];
• first day of massacre at, [94-107];
• second day of massacre at, [108-112];
• visit of Howe to, [159], [160];
• monument at, [266-268]
• Lake with a Grove of Big Trees, [224]
• Lakeville Township, [46]
• Land, cession of, by Indians, [4-8];
• allotment of, to Indians, [9], [10]
• Land office, [38]
• Larrabee, William, [264]
• Laughlin, William K., [165], [184], [185], [192], [200], [201], [264];
• men kept awake by, [201], [202];
• fire started by, [202], [203];
• crossing of river effected by, [203], [204]
• Laut, Agnes C., [302]
• Lebourveau, Mr., [86]
• Lee, L. P., Abbie Gardner escorted by, [244]
• Leonard, A. S., [165]
• Lewis and Clark expedition, [44]
• Lime Creek, [27], [28], [48]
• Linn, James, [166]
• Linn County, [55], [229]
• Liquor-dealers, activities of, among Indians, [13]
• Little Big Horn, battle of, [70], [255]
• Little Crow, disturbance quieted by, [251];
• placing of, in command of expedition, [251], [252];
• expedition under, [252], [253];
• uprising under, [254], [255]
• Little Paul, ransom of Abbie Gardner by, [232-239]
• Little Rock River, [130]
• Little Sioux River, [1], [30], [38], [46], [73], [78], [82], [84], [85], [87], [90], [91], [93], [95], [293];
• settlements along, [39], [40]
• Little Thunder, [277]
• Live stock, killing of, [85]
• Lizard Creek, [35], [38], [40], [284];
• settlements along, [39]
• Loon Lake, [72], [160]
• Long, Steve, [240]
• Long, Mrs. Steve, [240]
• Lost Island Lake, [113]
• Lott, Henry, character of, [31];
• whiskey traffic carried on by, [31], [32];
• attack of Indians upon, [32], [33];
• murder of Sidominadota by, [34-36];
• reference to, [68];
• location of cabin of, [285]
• Lott, Mrs. Henry, [285]
• Lott, Milton, death of, [33];
• marker on grave of, [285]
• Lott’s Creek, [34], [211], [212]
• Luce, Albert, [50], [118]
• Luce, Amanda, [50], [118]
• Luce, Harvey, [48], [61], [97], [100], [101], [108], [118], [122], [180];
• family of, [50];
• settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [50-53];
• journey of, east for supplies, [59-61];
• return of, to Lake Okoboji, [96];
• attempt of, to warn settlers, [100];
• killing of cattle of, [101];
• burial of body of, [195]
• Luce, Mrs. Harvey, [51], [97];
• effort of, to prevent murder, [102];
• killing of, [103]
• Luce, Mary M., [118]
• Luce children, killing of, [103]
• McBane, Angus, [180], [309]
• McCarty, Michael, [167]
• McCauley, William, [167]
• McCleary, George W., [20], [282]
• McClure, G. F., [167]
• McCormick, Robert, [167], [180], [192], [200]
• McFarland, John N., [167]
• McGowan, Eliza Gardner, [272]
• McKnight’s Point, [171], [174], [175];
• relief expedition at, [176-179];
• departure of relief expedition from, [179]
• McMurray, Mayor, [264]
• McNab, John, [158]
• Madelia (Minnesota), [130]
• Madison, Robert, [54], [118];
• killing of, [106], [107]
• Madison (South Dakota), [224]
• Madison Grove, Indians at, [113]
• Madrid, [285]
• Madrid Historical Society, [285]
• Mahan, E., [167]
• Maher, Michael, [167]
• Ma-kpe-ya-ka-ho-ton, ransom of Mrs. Marble by, [226-231]
• Mak-pi-a-pe-ta, killing of, [253]
• Malcolm, A. S., [167]
• Manitoba, Inkpaduta in, [255]
• Mankato (Minnesota), [41], [56], [129]
• Marble, William, settlement of, at Spirit Lake, [55];
• massacre of, [113-118], [296];
• taking of money from body of, [117];
• reference to, [118];
• visit of Markham and Palmer to cabin of, [137];
• burial of body of, [158];
• preëmpting of claim of, [270]
• Marble, Mrs. William, [115], [116], [156], [222], [223], [233], [234], [242], [245], [246];
• taking of, as captive, [117];
• burden borne by, [216];
• attitude of, toward captivity, [220];
• history of ransom of, [225-231];
• information secured from, [232];
• reception of, at St. Paul, [239], [240];
• later life of, [271], [317]
• Marion County, [31]
• Markham, Morris, [55], [132], [134], [135], [140], [142], [147], [148], [149], [189];
• discovery of massacre by, [122-124];
• news carried to Springfield by, [124], [125];
• doubt concerning story of, [136];
• proof of story of, [136], [137];
• oxen secured by, [148], [149]
• Marsh, James M., attack on, [17], [30], [31]
• Marshalltown, [272]
• Massacre of 1862, services of John Other Day during, [312]
• Mason, B. S., [164]
• Mason, Frank R., [165], [184], [185], [187], [188];
• experiences of party guided by, [211-213]
• Mason, Solon, [166], [208], [209]
• Mason City, [27], [48], [49], [272]
• Masonic Grove, [27]
• Ma-to-wa-ken, [238], [243]
• Mattock, Agnes, [118]
• Mattock, Alice, [118]
• Mattock, Daniel, [118]
• Mattock, Jackson A., [118]
• Mattock, Jacob M., [118]
• Mattock, James H., settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [53], [54];
• camp of Indians near cabin of, [95], [96];
• reference to, [99], [118], [123];
• plan to concentrate at cabin of, [100];
• failure of warning to reach, [101];
• massacre at cabin of, [105-107], [295];
• killing of, [106], [107];
• burning of cabin of, [106];
• discovery of massacre at cabin of, [161];
• burial of victims of massacre at cabin of, [194], [195]
• Mattock, Mrs. James H., killing of, [106], [107]
• Mattock, Mary M., [118]
• Mattock children, killing of, [106]
• Mattock’s Grove, [54]
• Maxwell, J. D., [163]
• Maxwell, John N., [165], [175], [176], [184], [185], [192], [194], [200], [202], [264], [307];
• effort of, to secure aid, [176], [177];
• men kept awake by, [201], [202];
• crossing of river effected by, [203], [204]
• Ma-za-ku-ta-ma-ni, speech by, [242], [243], [253], [254];
• reference to, [269], [312]
• Mdewakanton Sioux Indians, treaty made by, [7], [8];
• council with, [249]
• Mead, Ambrose S., [39], [40], [88], [93];
• ill treatment of family of, by Indians, [89], [90]
• Mead, Mrs. Ambrose S., [89];
• captivity of, [90]
• Mead, Emma, [90]
• Mead, Hattie, [90]
• Medary, Governor, [240], [245];
• speech by, [242], [243];
• Abbie Gardner escorted by, [244]
• Medium Lake, settlement at, [38], [181];
• march of relief expedition to, [170-181];
• relief expedition at, [181];
• departure of relief expedition from, [182];
• reference to, [183], [193], [207], [209]
• Mendota (Minnesota), treaty made at, [7], [8], [15], [19];
• annuities under treaty of, [248]
• Merrill, Governor, [316]
• Mexican War, [177]
• Michigan, [229]
• Milford (Massachusetts), [86]
• Milford Colony, [40];
• Inkpaduta’s band at, [85], [86]
• Milford Emigration Company, [40]
• Military administration, attitude of Flandrau toward, [247]
• Military campaigns, purpose of, [4]
• Militia, refusal of Grimes to call out, [21]
• Militia company, organization of, at Smithland, [80], [81]
• Miller, William, [34]
• Minnesota, [18], [37], [41], [43], [46], [56], [65], [67], [70], [218], [245], [247], [248], [251], [278], [312];
• Inkpaduta’s band in, [68];
• excitement in, at news of massacre, [225];
• efforts of, to punish Indians, [260];
• reimbursement of, by Federal government, [261-263]
• Minnesota River, [7], [18], [29], [40], [128], [129], [242], [278], [312]
• Minnetonka, [45]
• Minnewaukon, [45]
• Mississippi River, [256]
• Mississippi Valley, [21];
• changes in, [269], [270]
• Missouri River, [6], [18], [21], [40], [68], [154], [234], [236], [255]
• Monona County, alarm in, [20], [22]
• Montana, [255]
• Monument, agitation for, [264], [265];
• law providing for, [265];
• commission to secure erection of, [265], [266];
• erection of, [266];
• dedication of, [267], [268]
• Moody, F. R., [165]
• Moon, A., [164]
• Mormons, [40];
• expedition against, [246]
• Morrissey, Daniel, [167]
• Mud Creek, crossing of, [200]
• Mud Lake, [182], [206];
• Indian battle at, [284]
• Murray, Jonas, [167], [204];
• party guided by, [200]
• Murray County (Minnesota), [68]
• Murry, Alexander, relief expedition under, [128-131];
• reference to, [154], [156], [157], [215], [256], [258];
• activities of troops under, [158];
• gift of, to Abbie Gardner, [241], [242]
• Musquakie Indians, [33];
• warfare between Sioux and, [284]
• (see also Sac and Fox Indians)
• Myerly, J. G., [316], [317]
• Nebraska, [21], [82]
• Nelson, William, [58], [134], [153]
• Nelson, Mrs. William, [134], [152]
• Neutral Ground, establishment and disposal of, [5], [6]
• New England, lakes in, [47]
• New Haven (Connecticut), [47]
• New Orleans, [317]
• New York, [39], [50];
• lakes in, [47]
• Newton, [159]
• Nicollet, J. N., map made by, [45]
• Noble, Alvin, settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [54], [55];
• massacre at cabin of, [110], [111];
• reference to, [118], [122];
• discovery of massacre at cabin of, [123], [124], [161];
• burial of victims of massacre at cabin of, [193]
• Noble, Mrs. Alvin, taking of, as captive, [111];
• early experience of, in captivity, [111], [112];
• reference to, [113], [117], [194], [222], [237], [246], [258], [296];
• attitude of, toward captivity, [220], [223];
• attempt at ransom of, [228];
• death of, [234], [235], [313]
• Noble, John, [118]
• Nolan, John, [165]
• Nora Springs, [28], [48]
• North Platte River, [277]
• Northwestern frontier, efforts to secure protection of, [260]
• Northwestern Iowa, character of, [41], [42]
• Nowland, John, [165]
• O’Brien County, first settler in, [40];
• Inkpaduta’s band in, [87], [88];
• reference to, [88]
• Oglala Sioux Indians, campaign against, [277], [278]
• Ohio, [31];
• Gardner in, [48]
• Okeson, Daniel, [167];
• discharge of, [178]
• Okoboji, Lake (see Lake Okoboji)
• Okoboji South Beach Company, [266]
• O’Laughlin, John, [167];
• discharge of, [178]
• Old Man, [74]
• Omaha Indians, [20], [81]
• Onawa, [86]
• Oregon trail, [21]
• Other Day (see John Other Day)
• Oto Indians, [20]
• Ottawa Indians, treaty with, [7]
• Oxen, difficulty of transportation by means of, [170], [173], [174]
• Palmer, Jareb, [58], [132], [142], [149], [189], [267];
• trip of, to Slocum’s farm, [135];
• journey of, to lakes, [136], [137];
• aid secured by, [150]
• Palo Alto County, alarm in, [22];
• reference to, [61]
• Parkhurst, Lemuel, cabin of, visited by Indians, [86]
• Parkhurst, Mrs. Lemuel, [86]
• Parmenter, B. F., visit of, to lake region, [159], [160];
• return of, to Jasper County, [160];
• second trip of, to lakes, [160], [161];
• massacre discovered by, [160], [161];
• oxen left in charge of, [161], [162];
• reference to, [167], [192], [196]
• Paul Ma-za-ku-ta-ma-ni, ransom of Abbie Gardner by, [232-239]
• Pea, Henry, [32]
• Pea’s Point, [32];
• relief party from, [33]
• Pemberton, J. C, [165]
• Pennsylvania, [31], [309]
• Pension, [317]
• Peterson, settlement near, [39];
• reference to, [41];
• Inkpaduta’s band at, [88-91]
• Peterson Granite Company, [266]
• Phips, Mr., [229]
• Pierce, Franklin, [21]
• Pillsbury’s Point, Gardner cabin on, [51], [271]
• Pilot Rock, settlement near, [40];
• Inkpaduta’s band at, [85]
• Pioneers, attitude of Indians toward, [11], [12];
• tribute to memory of, [268]
• Pipestone quarry, Inkpaduta’s band at, [218];
• attitude of Indians toward, [218], [219]
• Pollock, William P., [180]
• Porter, W. F., [167]
• Pottawattamie Indians, treaty with, [6], [7];
• reference to, [33]
• Powder, demand of Indians for, [98]
• Prairie, difficulty of travel on, [173];
• hardships of camping on, [175], [176];
• flooding of, by rain, [207];
• blizzard on, [210]
• Prairie du Chien, treaties made at, [5];
• violation of treaties made at, [64];
• reference to, [290]
• Prescott, J. S., [270]
• Prescott, Philander, [130]
• President of United States, [20]
• Provisions, securing of, [164]
• Putting on Walking, [74]
• Quartermaster, [169]
• Raccoon River, [90]
• Railroad, terminus of, [41]
• Rations, issuing of, [184]
• Rattling, [74]
• Ravines, difficulty in crossing, [172], [173], [174]
• Red Leg, [74]
• Red Pipestone Quarry, Inkpaduta at, [255]
• Red Rock, [31]
• “Red Top” band of Indians, [63]
• Red Wing (Minnesota), [39], [52], [53], [54], [106], [107]
• Redwood Agency, news of massacre carried to, [126], [127];
• reference to, [241], [251], [256]
• Refugees, rescue of, [186-189]
• Relief expedition, sending of, from Fort Ridgely, [128-131];
• arrival of, at Springfield, [153-158];
• organization of, at Fort Dodge and Webster City, [159-169];
• march of, to Medium Lake, [170-181];
• march of, from Medium Lake to Granger’s Point, [182-191];
• activities of burial detail sent out by, [192-205];
• death of members of, [204], [205];
• return of, to Fort Dodge and Webster City, [206-214];
• money received for expenses of, [261-263];
• experiences of, in blizzard, [310];
• pension for survivors of, [317]
• Relief party, failure of, [90], [91];
• attempt to organize, [93]
• Reno, Major, [255]
• Revenge, plan of Inkpaduta to secure, [72-77]
• Rexville (New York), [47], [48]
• Richards, Charles B., [162], [166], [179], [182], [188], [192], [193], [208], [264];
• story by, [206], [207];
• statement by, [309]
• Richards, W. S., [268]
• Richardson, Alonzo, [165]
• Ridgeway, L. B., [167]
• Riggs, Stephen R., [226], [229], [231], [312];
• efforts of, to secure release of captives, [232]
• Roaring Cloud, [73], [74];
• murder of Mrs. Noble by, [234];
• killing of, [258]
• Robinson, Mr., [241]
• Rosenkrans, S. B., [164]
• Ross, Enoch, relief party under, [90], [91]
• Ryan, Enoch, [60], [61], [118], [289];
• killing of, [110];
• burial of body of, [193]
• Sac and Fox Indians, treaties made by, [5], [6];
• reference to, [26], [29], [64], [65], [66];
• warfare between Sioux and, [284]
• Sac City, [86];
• relief party from, [90], [91]
• Sac County, alarm in, [22]
• Sacred Plume, [74]
• St. Paul, excitement in, at news of massacre, [225];
• arrival of Mrs. Marble in, [229], [230];
• Mrs. Marble at, [239], [240];
• journey of Abbie Gardner to, [241], [242];
• ceremony in honor of Abbie Gardner at, [242], [243];
• reference to, [317]
• Santee Sioux Indians, [65], [71], [255]
• Saulsbury, E. W., [164]
• Scalp dance, [94], [108];
• description of, [104], [105]
• “Scarlet Point”, [63]
• (see Inkpaduta)
• Scouting party, activities of, [183-186], [189], [190]
• Searles, W., [167]
• Secretary of Interior, order by, [246], [247], [261]
• Se-ha-ho-ta, ransom of Mrs. Marble by, [226-231]
• Seneca (New York), [47]
• Sergeant Bluff, [20]
• Settlements, advance of, [3];
• line of, in 1857, [37-41]
• Settlers, desire of, for Indian lands, [9];
• attitude of Indians toward, [11], [12];
• failure of government to protect, [12], [17-25];
• cause of massacre of, [13];
• abandonment of homes by, [18], [19];
• alarm among, [20], [21], [22], [28];
• attacks on, instigated by traders, [25];
• depredations among, [31], [68], [69], [78-83], [84-93];
• advance of, to northwest, [37], [38], [41], [42];
• isolation of, [40], [41];
• difficulties of, during winter of 1856-1857, [42], [43];
• arrival of, at lakes, [50-56];
• names of, at Springfield, [56-58];
• Indians fed by, [61], [62];
• flight of, from Springfield, [147-152];
• preempting of claims by, [270]
• Shakopee (Minnesota), [242]
• Sharp, Mrs. Abbie Gardner, [70], [94], [105], [156], [157], [217], [235], [265], [266], [267];
• efforts of, to secure monument, [265];
• later life of, [270], [271];
• characterization of Sioux by, [292]
• (see also Gardner, Abbie)
• Sharp, Casville, marriage of Abbie Gardner and, [270]
• Sheehan, T. J., [254]
• Shell Rock, Gardner at, [48];
• reference to, [60]
• Shell Rock Valley, [48]
• Sherman, George B., [169], [180]
• Sherman, Major, [249], [250], [259]
• Shiegley, Adam P., [57], [134], [135], [152], [158]
• Shifting Wind, [74]
• Shippey’s Point, [61], [96], [199], [305];
• march of relief expedition to, [179], [180];
• members of relief expedition at, [208], [209];
• breaking up of expedition at, [211]
• Sidell (California), [271]
• Sidominadota, depredations by band under, [29-31];
• attack of, on Lott, [32];
• murder of, [34], [285];
• murder of family of, [34-36];
• reference to, [63];
• flight of, from Inkpaduta, [68];
• relation of murder of, to Spirit Lake Massacre, [74-77]
• Silbaugh, Mr., [271]
• Sioux City, [37], [41]
• Sioux Indians, Mecca of, [1];
• government dealings with, [1-8];
• campaign of Harney against, [4];
• treaties between Sacs and Foxes and, [5], [6];
• wrongs done to, [9-16];
• government attitude toward, [12];
• retirement of, [17];
• depredations by, [17-25];
• attitude of, toward whites, [22], [23];
• retrogression of, [23], [24];
• trouble with, near Clear Lake, [26-28];
• attack of, on Lott, [32];
• sufferings of, during winter of 1856-1857, [43];
• outlaw band of, [63-71];
• relationship among, [75];
• practice of blood revenge among, [75-77];
• attitude of, toward Harney, [82];
• scalp dance of, [94];
• attitude of, toward pipestone quarry, [218], [219];
• receptions of Inkpaduta’s band by, [223];
• demand for punishment of, [225];
• trouble over payment of annuities to, [248-251];
• expedition of, against Inkpaduta, [252], [253];
• difficulties of Cullen with, [253], [254];
• excitement among, [258], [259];
• reservation given to, [278];
• conspiracy among, [282];
• warfare between Sacs and Foxes and, [284];
• Inkpaduta pitied by, [289], [290];
• method of becoming exile among, [291];
• characterization of, [292]
• (see also Wahpekuta Sioux, Yankton Sioux, etc.)
• Sioux outbreak, Inkpaduta in, [254], [255]
• Sioux Rapids, settlements near, [39];
• reference to, [40], [41], [91], [92], [93]
• Sisseton Sioux Indians, treaty made by, [7], [8];
• depredations by, [29-31];
• reference to, [75], [251];
• council with, [253]
• Sitting Bull, [70], [255]
• Skinner, J. B., [57], [134], [152]
• Skinner, Mrs. J. B., [134], [152]
• Skunk Creek, [224]
• Skunk Lake, [224], [225], [226], [246], [252]
• Sleds, use of, by Indians, [113], [114];
• use of, by settlers in flight, [149];
• transportation in army by means of, [247]
• Sleepy-Eye, rendezvous of, [183]
• Slocum, Isaac, farm of, [129], [130], [131], [135]
• Smith, Frances M., [47]
• Smith, George P., [167], [192], [200], [204], [205]
• Smith, Guernsey, [167], [208]
• Smith, Mr., [187]
• Smith, Robert, [58], [134], [142], [145], [158], [302];
• abandonment of, [152]
• Smith, Mrs. Robert, [134], [151], [152], [302]
• Smith, Roderick A., [167], [192], [196], [266], [267], [297]
• Smith, Seth, [81]
• Smith, Winton, [167]
• Smith’s Point, cabin on, [52]
• Smithland, settlement at, [40];
• reference to, [73], [84], [86], [293];
• actions of Inkpaduta’s band at, [78-88]
• Smoky Moccasin, news given by, [135], [136];
• reference to, [300]
• Snake Creek, [235], [238], [253]
• Snow, depth of, [42], [43], [59], [170];
• difficulties in marching through, [173], [174], [247]
• Snow-blindness, [172]
• Snowshoes, use of, recommended, [248]
• Snyder, Bertell E., settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [52], [53];
• reference to, [98], [99], [105], [118];
• killing of, [106], [107]
• Soldiers, fear of, by Indians, [215], [233];
• desire of Indians to be accompanied by, [249], [250]
• Sounding Heavens, ransom of Mrs. Marble by, [226-231]
• South Bend (Minnesota), [129], [131]
• Spencer, Owen S., [167], [192], [200]
• Spencer, [90]
• Spink County (South Dakota), [313]
• Spirit Lake, attitude of Indians toward, [1];
• settlement at, [39];
• reference to, [41], [120], [128], [131], [135], [136], [154], [159], [191], [229];
• early visitors to, [44];
• early accounts of, [44], [45];
• description of, [46], [47];
• settlement of Marble on shore of, [55];
• massacre on shore of, [113-118];
• journey of Palmer and Markham to, [137];
• journey of troops to, [158]
• Spirit Lake (South Dakota), [65], [72]
• Spirit Lake Massacre, cause of, [1], [2];
• scene of, [46];
• relation of murder of Sidominadota to, [74-77];
• first day of, [94-107];
• second day of, [108-112];
• pictographic representation of, [118], [119], [297];
• discovery of, by Markham, [122-124];
• news of, carried to Springfield and Fort Ridgely, [122-127];
• discovery of, by Howe and others, [159-161];
• burial of victims of, [192-195];
• memorial tributes to persons involved in, [260-268];
• later lives of survivors of, [270], [271];
• warning of, [286]
• Spirit Lake Relief Expedition (see Relief expedition)
• Spirit Lake Township, [46]
• Spirit Walker, [226];
• Mrs. Marble at tepee of, [229]
• Springfield (Minnesota), [37], [53], [88], [120], [121], [129], [130], [131], [154], [178], [183], [189], [191], [198], [247], [266], [270], [300];
• settlers at, [39], [56-58];
• news of massacre carried to, [122-126];
• effect of news of massacre upon settlers at, [125], [126];
• relief expedition to, [128-131];
• preparations for defense at, [132-137];
• attack on, [138-146];
• flight of settlers from, [147-152];
• arrival of relief expedition at, [153-158];
• guard left at, [158];
• rescue of fugitives from, [186-189];
• careers of survivors of massacre at, [272], [273]
• Stafford, Patrick, [165]
• Stebbins, Carl, [167], [192]
• Stevens, Smith E., [166]
• Stewart, Johnny, escape of, [145];
• reference to, [272], [301]
• Stewart, Joshua, [57], [133];
• killing of, [144]
• Stewart, Mrs. Joshua, [133];
• killing of, [144], [145]
• Stewart children, killing of, [144], [145]
• “Stonewall” Jackson, origin of name, [298]
• Storm Lake, [90]
• Stratton, Franklin A., [166], [182], [309]
• Streams, difficulty of captives in crossing, [219], [220]
• Street, Joseph M., [25]
• Strong, E. B. N., [57], [121], [142], [300];
• flight of, [150], [151], [152]
• Strong, Mrs. E. B. N., [133]
• Supplies, journey east for, [59-61];
• plan of Gardner to secure, [96], [97];
• confiscation of, [180]
• Surgeon, [169]
• Surveyors, attack made on, [17], [30], [31], [68]
• Swanger, Drusilla, [57], [133], [149], [273];
• wounding of, [141]
• Sweeney, Michael, [165], [264]
• Tahtay-Shkope Kah-gah, [74]
• Target practice, desire of Indians for, [116]
• Tasagi, quarrels between Wamdisapa and, [65], [66];
• murder of, [66], [67];
• reference to, [291]
• Taylor, E., [40];
• ill-treatment of family of, by Indians, [89];
• escape of, [89], [90]
• Taylor, Mrs. E., captivity of, [90]
• Tchay-tam-bay River, [278]
• Tenth United States Infantry, [225]
• Tents, securing of, [164]
• Territorial bond, issuance of, [231];
• payment of, [246]
• Thatcher, Dora, [118]
• Thatcher, Joseph M., settlement of, at Lake Okoboji, [54], [55];
• journey of, east for supplies, [59-61];
• reference to, [61], [96], [108], [122], [180], [184], [192], [196], [244], [305];
• massacre at cabin of, [110], [111];
• discovery of massacre at cabin of, [123], [124], [161];
• burial of victims of massacre at cabin of, [193];
• preëmpting of claim of, [270]
• Thatcher, Mrs. Joseph M., [60], [113], [117], [244], [296];
• taking of, as captive, [111];
• early experiences of, in captivity, [111], [112];
• illness of, [119], [220];
• attitude of, toward captivity, [220];
• killing of, [221], [222]
• Thomas, Mrs. Irene A., [267], [272]
• Thomas, James B., [57], [148], [149], [187];
• concentration of settlers at cabin of, [133];
• names of settlers in cabin of, [133], [134];
• description of cabin of, [134], [135];
• attack on cabin of, [139-143];
• wounding of, [141];
• flight of settlers from cabin of, [149-151]
• Thomas, Mrs. James B., [133]
• Thomas, Valentine C., [267], [272]
• Thomas, Willie, [57], [139], [151], [272];
• killing of, [142]
• Timber, travel in shelter of, [173]
• Titonka, [284]
• Townsite, plan to lay out, [52]
• Traders, [9], [44];
• power of, over Indians, [13-16], [24], [25]
• Transportation, method of, in army, [247], [248]
• Traverse des Sioux (Minnesota), treaty made at, [7], [15], [19], [37], [279];
• failure to carry out treaty made at, [10];
• reference to, [242];
• annuities under treaty of, [248]
• Treaties, making of, with Indians, [2-8];
• wrongs done in making of, [9-11];
• influence of traders in making of, [15]
• Tretts, Henry, [58], [138], [139], [140];
• news of massacre carried to agency by, [126]
• Tullis, A. K., [165]
• “Two Fingers” (see Sidominadota)
• Umpashota, [18], [135], [136], [284]
• United States government, dealings of, with Sioux Indians, [1-8];
• attitude of, toward Sioux, [12];
• failure of, to protect frontier, [12], [17-25]
• Utah, expedition to, [246]
• Van Cleave, Silas, [167], [192]
• Vermillion River, [29], [30]
• Voyageurs, [44]
• Wabashaw’s band, [290]
• Wagons, transportation by means of, [247]
• Wahkonsa, [284]
• Wahpekuta Sioux Indians, [6], [65], [75], [249];
• treaty made by, [7], [8];
• attitude of, toward Spirit Lake, [45];
• position of Inkpaduta among, [63], [64];
• division among, [64];
• pursuit of Inkpaduta by, [66];
• massacre of, [68];
• Inkpaduta dropped from membership in, [71];
• murder of Iowas by, [290];
• method of becoming exile among, [291]
• Wahpeton Agency, [238]
• Wahpeton Sioux Indians, treaty made by, [7], [8];
• reference to, [226];
• council with, [253]
• Wahpuja Wicasta, [253]
• Wamdisapa, [30], [71];
• outlaw band led by, [64-67]
• Wamundiyakapi, massacre of, [68]
• Wanduskaihanke, captives purchased by, [234]
• War dance, [94]
• Waterloo, [60], [108]
• Waterman, H. H., [40], [88];
• ill treatment of, by Indians, [87], [88]
• Waterman (town), [40], [41]
• Watonwan River, [40], [70], [130]
• Weaver, E., ill treatment of, by Indians, [87];
• reference to, [93]
• Weaver family, settlement of, [40]
• Webster City, [159], [166], [170], [189], [211], [215], [284], [302];
• news of massacre carried to, [163];
• organization of relief expedition at, [163-166];
• return of members of relief expedition to, [213];
• memorial to members of relief expedition from, [263], [264]
• Webster County, alarm in, [22];
• reference to, [31], [35], [285]
• West Okoboji Lake, [46], [113];
• arrival of Gardner family at, [50]
• Westerfield, D., [167]
• Wheeler, William T., [57];
• concentration at cabin of, [133];
• name of settlers at cabin of, [134];
• shots fired into cabin of, [145];
• flight of settlers from cabin of, [151], [152]
• Wheelock, R. U., visit of, to lake region, [159], [160];
• return of, to Jasper County, [160];
• second trip of, to lakes, [160], [161];
• massacre discovered by, [160], [161];
• news taken to Fort Dodge by, [161], [162];
• reference to, [167], [175], [176], [177], [192], [196], [297]
• Whetstone, Reuben, [167]
• Whiskey, effect of, on Indians, [23], [283];
• traffic in, [279]
• Whiskey-sellers, activities of, among Indians, [13];
• profits made by, [21]
• White, John, [167]
• White, Mr. [163]
• Whites, advance of, into Indian country, [1-8];
• attitude of Sioux Indians toward, [22], [23];
• hatred of, by Inkpaduta, [70], [71]
• Wilcox, Mr., [39], [93]
• Williams, James B., [18]
• Williams, Washington, [167]
• Williams, William, [18], [19], [20], [28], [35], [69], [77], [175], [183], [184], [188], [189], [191], [192], [204], [210], [244], [266], [281], [301], [309];
• meeting presided over by, [162];
• commission held by, [162];
• choice of, to command expedition, [168], [169];
• strength and determination of, [177];
• report by, [295];
• age of, [304]
• Williamson, Thomas S., [229], [239]
• Williamson, Mrs. Thomas S., [239]
• Willson, S., [164]
• Willson, W. C., [164]
• Wilson, William R., [167], [192], [195], [196], [244], [272]
• Wiltfong, [159]
• Winnebago Indians, reservation given to, [6];
• reference to, [25], [26]
• Winter, army transportation in, [247], [248]
• Winter of 1856-1857, character of, [42], [43];
• sufferings of Indians during, [72], [73]
• Wood, Charles, [56]
• Wood, George, [56], [132], [136];
• refusal of, to believe in danger, [132], [133], [136];
• killing of, [143], [144]
• Wood, William, [56], [126], [132];
• refusal of, to believe in danger, [125], [132], [133], [136];
• killing of, [143], [144]
• Wood brothers, store kept by, [57];
• Indians at store of, [135], [136];
• pillaging of store of, [145], [146]
• Woodbury County, alarm in, [20], [22];
• settlement in, [40];
• reference to, [73], [78]
• Woods, Samuel, [18], [281];
• Fort Dodge established by, [280], [281]
• Wright, L. K., [166]
• Wright County, [309]
• Wyoming, [21], [82]
• Yankton Sioux Indians, [63], [71], [154], [234], [253], [255];
• refuge of Inkpaduta among, [67], [72];
• reception of Inkpaduta’s band by, [223];
• attitude of, toward captive, [235], [236]
• Yellow Medicine Agency, [226], [233], [245], [254], [312]
• Yellow Medicine mission, [239]
• Yellow Medicine River, [225], [236], [256], [257], [269], [278]
• Young Men’s Christian Association, [194]
• Young Sleepy Eyes, [284]

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Transcriber’s Note:

Archaic and inconsistent spelling and punctuation retained.