The great battles of Iowa’s inter-tribal Indian history were fought during the period of the supremacy of these leaders. These battles were mostly fought along the Des Moines, Skunk, Iowa, and Cedar rivers. The most notable were: Mud Lake, southeast of the present site of Webster City, against the Musquakies; a terrific contest with the Sac and Fox near Adel; a second contest quite as sanguinary with the same Indians about six miles north of the present city of Algona in 1852; a second battle with the Musquakies in April, 1852, near Clear Lake; and one on the banks of the Lizard, in which the Sioux, victorious, ended their long contest with the Sac and Fox. It was in the Algona battle that the “lingering remnants of two great nations who had for more than two hundred years waged unrelenting warfare against each other had their last and final struggle.”—Smith’s History of Dickinson County, Iowa, p. 25. Also Fulton’s Red Men of Iowa, pp. 282-287; Gue’s History of Iowa, Vol. I, pp. 288, 289.
[62] Smith’s History of Dickinson County, Iowa, p. 29; Hoover’s Tragedy of Okoboji in the Annals of Iowa (Third Series), Vol. V, p. 15; Richman’s The Tragedy at Minnewaukon in John Brown among the Quakers, p. 208.
[63] Smith’s History of Dickinson County, Iowa, p. 29.
[64] See note 32 above.
[65] Smith’s History of Dickinson County, Iowa, p. 29. The date of settlement here is frequently stated as 1847.
[66] Hughes’s Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Massacre in the Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, Vol. XII, p. 264.
[67] For statements concerning the character of Henry Lott see Hubbard and Holcombe’s Minnesota in Three Centuries, Vol. III, p. 222; Lucas’s The Milton Lott Tragedy, pp. 1-10; Hughes’s Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Massacre in the Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, Vol. XII, pp. 264-268; The Spirit Lake Massacre and Relief Expedition in the Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers, Vol. VI, p. 890; Gue’s History of Iowa, Vol. I, p. 289; etc.
[68] Flickinger’s Pioneer History of Pocahontas County, Iowa, p. 28.
[69] The Madrid (Iowa) Historical Society, on December 18, 1905, the fifty-ninth anniversary of the boy’s death, placed an iron marker upon his grave which had but lately been identified.—Lucas’s The Milton Lott Tragedy, p. 8.