[81] Compare illustration with pictures of ligatures in D. Rannie’s My Adventures among South Sea Cannibals, pp. 80, 170, 179.
[82] The Spaniards called the Inca Orejones on account of the large studs worn by them in the lobes of their ears. See Joyce, p. 110.
[83] Wallace states that all the Indians “have a row of circular punctures along the arm” (Wallace, p. 345). These tribes have nothing of the sort.
[84] Wallace describes the mark as “three vertical blue lines on the chin” (Wallace, p. 345). This is not correct; vide drawing.
[85] Crevaux, p. 264.
[86] The Bixa Orellana (Spix and von Martius, p. 228).
[87] Genifa americana (Spix and von Martius, p. 228).
[88] Hardenburg, p. 138.
[89] “Covering, if not used as a protection from the climate, owes its origin, at least in a great many cases, to the desire of men and women to make themselves mutually attractive” (Westermarck, p. 211). “Clothing was first adopted as a means of decoration rather than from motives of decency. The private parts were first adorned with the appendages that were afterwards used by a dawning sense of modesty to conceal them” (Johnston, The River Congo, p. 418).
[90] The result of this is that a traveller is forced to have women as well as men in his escort, or he would find that half the services required would not be rendered him. For instance, no male Indian will prepare food, neither will he wash clothes, nor clean the cooking vessels. This refers to the untouched districts, and must not be confused with the forced “willingness” of the Rubber Belts.