| 6 | brigades, | horse artillery, | 30 | batteries. |
| 8 | „ | field artillery, | 62 | „ |
| 14 | „ | garrison art., | 103 | „ |
| 3 | „ | mixed artillery, | 19 | „ |
| 214 | ||||
| 1 | „ | coast artillery not in batteries. | ||
| 1 | „ | depot artillery | „ | „ |
Of the above, the field, garrison, and mixed are foot artillery. This force represents from 1200 to 1300 guns fully equipped for action. Of the foot artillery, the garrison batteries are readily converted to field batteries by the addition of a few drivers.
Artillery Schools. Are special schools for instruction and training in artillery, which are organized through all civilized countries. In the United States, an artillery school was established at Fort Monroe, Va., 1867. Its object is to train both officers and enlisted men in the construction and service of all kinds of artillery and artillery material, and in gunnery and mathematics as applied in the artillery service. For artillery schools in other countries, see [Military Academies].
Artillery, Systems of. See [Systems of Artillery].
Artillery-train. A number of pieces of ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, fit for marching.
Arx. In the ancient military art, a fort, castle, etc., for the defense of a place.
Arzegages (Fr.). Batons or canes with iron at both ends. They were carried by the Estradiots, or Albanian cavaliers, who served in France under Charles VIII. and Louis XII.
Asapes. An inferior class of Turkish soldiers employed in sieges to work in intrenchments and perform other pioneer duty.
Asaraouas. A tribe in Algeria against whom the French undertook an expedition in 1837.
Ascalon (Syria). A city of the Philistines which shared the fate of Phœnicia and Judea. The Egyptian army was defeated here by the Crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon, August 12, 1099; it was besieged by the latter in 1148, taken in 1153, and again in 1191. Its fortifications were destroyed through fear of the Crusaders, by the sultan, in 1270.