Titles, Military. See military titles under appropriate headings throughout this volume.
Tivoli. A town of Central Italy, on the left bank of the Teverone, 18 miles east-northeast from Rome. In the Middle Ages, Tivoli was an imperial city, independent of Rome, and was the occasion of many contentions between the emperors and the popes; in the course of which it was frequently taken and retaken as either party gained the ascendant.
Tlemsen, or Tlemecen. A town of Algeria, in the province of Oran, 67 miles southwest from Oran. It was once an important place; but in consequence of a revolt of the inhabitants against his authority, Hassan, the dey of Algiers, laid it in ruins. It was occupied by the French in 1836 and 1842.
Tobago. One of the British islands in the West Indies, belonging to the Windward group. This island was first colonized by the Dutch, who were expelled by the Spaniards. It was then settled by the English, to whom it was ceded by the peace of 1763. In 1781 it was taken by the French, and in 1793 was retaken by the British, by whom it was retained at the peace of Amiens.
Tobitschau (Moravia). In a sharp action, on July 15, 1866, the Austrians were defeated by the army of the crown-prince of Prussia, with the loss of 500 killed and wounded, and 500 prisoners and 17 guns.
Tocsin. An alarm-drum; a bell. It was formerly used in an army as a signal for charging, on the approach of an enemy.
Toga Picta. Was an outer garment, worn by Roman generals in triumphs, by consuls under the empire, and by prætors when they celebrated games; and was embellished with Phrygian embroidery. In war the toga was laid aside for the [sagum] or paludatogatus, or some less cumbrous style of attire.
Toggle and Chain. See [Ordnance].
Toise. A measure derived from the French, containing 6 feet, and a term of frequent use in fortification and military surveying.
Toison d’Or (Fr.). See [Golden Fleece].