Practical Grammar and Composition

by Thomas Wood

In some instances verbs have been included in the list below which are always regular in their forms, or which have both regular and irregular forms. These are verbs for whose principal parts incorrect forms are often used.

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF VERBS

Name-form	Past Tense	Past Participle
awake	awoke or awaked	awaked
begin	began	begun
beseech	besought	besought
bid (to order or to greet)	bade	bidden or bid
bid (at auction)	bid	bidden or bid
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
burst	burst	burst
choose	chose	chosen
chide	chid	chidden or chid
come	came	come
deal	dealt	dealt
dive	dived	dived
Name-form	Past Tense	Past Participle
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
drink	drank	drunk or drank
drive	drove	driven
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
flee	fled	fled
fly	flew	flown
forsake	forsook	forsaken
forget	forgot	forgot or forgotten
freeze	froze	frozen
get	got	got (gotten)
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
hang (clothes)	hung	hung
hang (a man)	hanged	hanged
know	knew	known
lay	laid	laid
lie	lay	lain
mean	meant	meant
plead	pleaded	pleaded
prove	proved	proved
ride	rode	ridden
raise	raised	raised
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run
see	saw	seen
seek	sought	sought
set	set	set
shake	shook	shaken
shed	shed	shed
shoe	shod	shod
sing	sang	sung
sit	sat	sat
slay	slew	slain
sink	sank	sunk
speak	spoke	spoken
Name-form	Past Tense	Past Participle
steal	stole	stolen
swim	swam	swum
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
throw	threw	thrown
tread	trod	trod or trodden
wake	woke or waked	woke or waked
wear	wore	worn
weave	wove	woven
write	wrote	written

Notes.—Ought has no past participle. It may then never be used with an auxiliary. I had ought to go is incorrect. The idea would be amply expressed by I ought to go.

Model conjugations of the verbs to be and to see in all forms are given under §77 at the end of this chapter.

Exercise 29

In the following sentences change the italicized verb so as to use the past tense, and then so as to use the past participle:

Example:	(Original sentence),	The guests begin to go home.
	(Changed to past tense),	The guests began to go home.
	(Changed to past participle),	The guests have begun to go home.

1. Our books lie on the mantel.
2. John comes in and lays his books on the desk.
3. I see the parade.
4. He runs up the road.
5. They set their chairs in a row.
6. The noise wakes me.
7. Cæsar bids him enter.
8. If they prove their innocence, they should be discharged.
9. His friends plead strongly for him.
10. Do you know what they mean by that?
11. I awake early every morning.
12. He begins to think of strange things.
13. The children beseech me to go with them.
14. My mother bids me to say that she will be here at six.
15. Smith bids fifty dollars for the chair.
16. My servants break many dishes.
17. They choose their associates.
18. The box bursts open.
19. His mother chides him for his misbehavior.
20. He comes here every day.
21. I deal there this week.
22. The boys dive beautifully.
23. You do so much more than is necessary.
24. They draw lots for the watch.
25. Jones drinks this wine very seldom.
26. They drive over to Milton once a week.
27. They drive a sorrel horse.
28. The cows eat grass.
29. The Gauls flee before Cæsar.
30. The swallows all fly into the chimney at evening.
31. They forsake the cause without any reason.
32. Cæsar gives them no answer.
33. They get no money for their services.
34. You forget that we have no right to do that.
35. Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.
36. The ball goes to the opposing team.
37. You hang the rope on the tree.
38. The sheriff hangs the murderer at noon.
39. I know of nothing more worrying.
40. She lays the knife on the table.
41. They lie in bed until eleven.
42. Why they rise so late, I do not know.
43. They raise no objection.
44. John runs very rapidly.
45. You sit very quietly.
46. Cæsar seeks to learn the intention of the enemy.
47. The politician vigorously shakes all hands.
48. The roof sheds water in all storms.
49. The blacksmith shoes horses.
50. The choir sings for each service.
51. You speak too rapidly to be easily understood.
52. Few men steal because they want to.
53. I swim one hundred yards very readily.
54. They teach all the elementary branches there.
55. You take all subscriptions for the concert.
56. Those clothes tear readily.
57. They tread the grapes in making wine.
58. Who throws paper on the floor?
59. I always wear old clothes in which to work.
60. She writes to her mother daily.
61. They weave the best rugs in Philadelphia.

Exercise 30