FIG. 5 NATIVES BAILING JUTE FIBRE IN A WATSON-FAWCETT CYCLONE PRESS

It will be understood that, in the yearly production of such a large quantity of jute fibre from various districts, and obtained from plants which have been grown under variable climatic and agricultural conditions, in some cases the fibre will be of the finest type procurable, while in other cases it will be of a very indifferent type and unsuitable for use in the production of the ordinary classes of yarns and fabrics. On the other hand, it should be stated that there is such a wide range of goods manufactured, and additional varieties occasionally introduced, that it appears possible to utilize all the kinds of fibre in any year; indeed, it seems as if the available types of fibre each season create demands for a corresponding type of manufactured product.

The crops produced will, obviously, vary in amount and value annually, but a few figures will help the reader to estimate in some degree the extent of the industry and its development in various parts of the world.

EXPORTS OF JUTE FROM INDIA
Year. Tons. Bales.
1828 18 300 lbs/bale
1832 182 300 lbs/bale
1833 300 300 lbs/bale
1834 828 300 lbs/bale
1835 1,222 300 lbs/bale
1836 16 300 lbs/bale
1837 171 300 lbs/bale

FIG. 6 VESSEL LADEN WITH JUTE AT QUAY-SIDE
ADJOINING JUTE SHEDS IN DUNDEE HARBOUR

JUTE PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Season. Tons. Bales (400 lbs.).
1850-51. 28,247 158,183
1860-61. 46,182 258,619
1862-63. 108,776 609,146
1863-64. 125,903 707,056
1872-73. 406,335 2,275,476
1880-81. 343,596 1,924,137
1886-87. 413,664 2,316,518
1892-93. 586,258 3,083,023
1896-97. 588,141 3,293,591
1902-03. 580,967 3,253,414
1906-07. 829,273 4,643,929
1907-08. 1,761,982 9,867,100
1908-09. 1,135,856 6,360,800
1909-10. 1,302,782 7,295,580
1910-11 1,434,286 8,032,000
1911-12. 1,488,339 8,334,700
1912-13. 1,718,180 9,621,829
1913-14. 1,580,674 8,851,775
1914-15. 1,898,483 10,631,505
1915-16. 1,344,417 7,528,733
1916-17. 1,493,976 8,366,266
1917-18. 1,607,922 9,004,364
1918-19. 1,278,425 7,159,180
1919-20. 1,542,178 8,636,200

A large vessel containing bales of jute is berthed on the quay-side adjoining the jute sheds in Fig. 6. The bales are raised quickly from the hold by means of a hydraulic-engine, scarcely visible in Fig. 6 since it is at the far end of the vessel, but seen clearly in Fig. 7. When the bales are raised sufficiently high, they are guided to the comparatively steep part of a chute from which they descend to the more horizontal part as exemplified in Fig. 7. They are then removed by means of hand-carts as shown, taken into the shed, and piled or stored in some suitable arrangement with or without the aid of a crane. Motor and other lorries are then used to convey the bales to the various mills where the first actual process in what is termed spinning takes place. It will be understood that the bales are stored in the spinner's own stores after having been delivered as stated.