If this work possesses merit, it is by reason of the coöperation of many men and women. I am obligated to the members of the Society of Friends who, as custodians of records, have been instrumental in forwarding the investigation. It is also a great pleasure to acknowledge the friendly encouragement and assistance given by Albert Cook Myers, of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. I wish also to thank Professor Paul Monroe for the initial encouragement and continued interest during the progress of the investigation.
T. W.
Teachers College, New York
July 11, 1917
CONTENTS
| I | Origin of the Quakers | [1-13] |
| II | Meeting Organization: Its Connection with Education | [14-25] |
| III | Educational Ideals of the Quakers | [26-40] |
| IV | Education in Philadelphia | [41-84] |
| V | Schools of Bucks County | [85-104] |
| VI | Schools of Montgomery County | [105-121] |
| VII | Schools of Chester County | [122-146] |
| VIII | Schools of Delaware County | [147-166] |
| IX | School Support, Organization, and Curriculum | [167-203] |
| X | Masters and Mistresses | [204-227] |
| XI | Education of Negroes and Indians | [228-267] |
| XII | Conclusion | [268-271] |
| Bibliography | [272-282] | |
| Abbreviations | [283] | |
| Index | [285-287] |
EARLY QUAKER EDUCATION
IN PENNSYLVANIA
CHAPTER I
ORIGIN OF THE QUAKERS
An essential in leaders
Reforms, discoveries and inventions are, at the outset, conceived by individual minds; seldom, if ever, are they the simultaneous product of several. The original connection is seen and made by an individual, and afterwards may be accepted by his fellows, who may appropriate the new idea to themselves and make its applications manifold. The novel idea or relationship, once seen, thoroughly comprehended and expressed becomes either the common property of many, extending far afield from its original source, or is rejected because it fails to prove attractive to human interests or necessary for the satisfaction of human needs. By this means changes are wrought in a group or society of individuals, and the belief or the contribution of one individual becomes the faith or the possession of a nation. The meaning of the above statement is at once made clear by mere mention of a few names, such as Luther, Bacon, Pestalozzi, Confucius, Whitefield, Gœthe and Fox. It is with the ideas and the formally stated doctrines of the last mentioned that we are in this connection chiefly concerned.