[18]Information given on historic tribes is from notes and manuscript assembled by Dr. Wayne C. Temple.

[19]The term calumet, originally applied to the stem of the tobacco pipe, is now generally used to designate the pipe and stem. “It is fashioned from a red [stone], polished like marble, and bored in such a manner that one end serves as a receptacle for the tobacco, while the other fits into the stem; this is a stick two feet long, as thick as an ordinary cane, and bored through the middle. It is ornamented with the heads and necks of various birds, whose plumage is very beautiful. To these they also add large feathers—red, green, and other colors—wherewith the whole is adorned. They have a great regard for it....” (R. G. Thwaites, ed., The Jesuit Relations, Vol. LIX, p. 131.) The [war] calumet differed from that of peace and was decorated with red feathers. See [Fig. 34], A.

[20]Artifact types having once appeared are likely to appear again in subsequent [culture] even though rare or even lacking in some intervening assemblages (e.g. necklaces of anculosa beads of similarly ground [snail] [shells] found from Medial [Archaic] through Middle [Phase]; grooved axes from Medial Archaic to [Mississippi] but rare or lacking in most subcultures and cultures except Archaic and Initial [Woodland]). On account of unwieldiness of complete accumulative lists only new artifact types when they first appear will be recorded here. Exceptions: 1) the name of an artifact entered as probably present (indicated by a following ?) will be repeated in the first subsequent culture in which definite evidence for it has been reported and 2) when an artifact once reported assumes a new form or presumably takes on a new significance (e.g. Archaic hoe becomes a tool of the plant-raisers in [Classic] and Middle Phases), it will appear again in the text.

STORY OF ILLINOIS SERIES.

No. 1. Story of Illinois: Indian and Pioneer, by V. S. Eifert. No. 2. Mammals of Illinois Today and Yesterday, by V. S. Eifert. No. 3. Exploring for Mushrooms, by V. S. Eifert. No. 4. Flowers that Bloom in the Spring, by V. S. Eifert. No. 5. Invitation to Birds, by V. S. Eifert. No. 6. Man’s Venture in [Culture], by Thorne Deuel. No. 7. The Past Speaks to You, by Ann Livesay. No. 8. Common Insects of Illinois, by A. Gilbert Wright. No. 9. American Indian ways of Life, by Thorne Deuel. No. 10. Amphibians of Illinois, by Paul W. Parmalee. No. 11. The Fossils of Illinois, by Carlton Condit.

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Transcriber’s Notes