Member of:
APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UNIIMOG, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Abdul Rachman RAMLY; Chancery at 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20036; telephone (202) 775-5200; there are Indonesian
Consulates General in Houston, New York, and Los Angeles, and Consulates in
Chicago and San Francisco
US:
Ambassador John C. MONJO; Embassy at Medan Merdeka Selatan 5, Jakarta
(mailing address is APO AP 96520); telephone [62] (21) 360-360; FAX [62]
(21) 360-644; there are US Consulates in Medan and Surabaya
Flag:
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of
Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white
(top) and red
:Indonesia Economy
Overview:
Indonesia is a mixed economy with many socialist institutions and central
planning but with a recent emphasis on deregulation and private enterprise.
Indonesia has extensive natural wealth, yet, with a large and rapidly
increasing population, it remains a poor country. GDP growth in 1985-91
averaged about 6%, quite impressive, but not sufficient to both slash
underemployment and absorb the 2.3 million workers annually entering the
labor force. Agriculture, including forestry and fishing, is an important
sector, accounting for 23% of GDP and over 50% of the labor force. The
staple crop is rice. Once the world's largest rice importer, Indonesia is
now nearly self-sufficient. Plantation crops - rubber and palm oil - and
textiles and plywood are being encouraged for both export and job
generation. Industrial output now accounts for 30% of GDP and is based on a
supply of diverse natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas,
timber, metals, and coal. Of these, the oil sector dominates the external
economy, generating more than 20% of the government's revenues and 40% of
export earnings in 1989. However, the economy's growth is highly dependent
on the continuing expansion of nonoil exports. Japan is Indonesia's most
important customer and supplier of aid. In 1991, rapid growth in the money
supply prompted Jakarta to implement a tight monetary policy, forcing the
private sector to go to foreign banks for investment financing. Real
interest rates remained above 10%, off-shore commercial debt grew, and real
GDP growth dropped slightly from the 7% of 1990.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $122 billion, per capita $630; real growth rate
6.0% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
10% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
3%; underemployment 45% (1991 est.)
Budget:
revenues $17.2 billion; expenditures $23.4 billion, including capital
expenditures of $8.9 billion (FY91)
Exports:
$25.7 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
petroleum and liquefied natural gas 40%, timber 15%, textiles 7%, rubber 5%,
coffee 3%
partners:
Japan 40%, US 14%, Singapore 7%, Europe 16% (1990)
Imports:
$21.8 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
machinery 39%, chemical products 19%, manufactured goods 16%
partners:
Japan 23%, US 13%, EC, Singapore
External debt:
$58.5 billion (1990 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 11.6% (1989 est.); accounts for 30% of GDP
Electricity:
11,600,000 kW capacity; 38,000 million kWh produced, 200 kWh per capita
(1990)
Industries:
petroleum, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, food,
rubber
:Indonesia Economy
Agriculture:
accounts for 23% of GDP; subsistence food production; small-holder and
plantation production for export; main products are rice, cassava, peanuts,
rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, other tropical products, poultry,
beef, pork, eggs
Illicit drugs:
illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade, but not a
major player; government actively eradicating plantings and prosecuting
traffickers
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.4 billion; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $25.9 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $213 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $175
million
Currency:
Indonesian rupiah (plural - rupiahs); 1 Indonesian rupiah (Rp) = 100 sen
(sen no longer used)
Exchange rates:
Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 1,998.2 (January 1992), 1,950.3 (1991),
1,842.8 (1990), 1,770.1 (1989), 1,685.7 (1988), 1,643.8 (1987)
Fiscal year:
1 April - 31 March
:Indonesia Communications
Railroads:
6,964 km total; 6,389 km 1.067-meter gauge, 497 km 0.750-meter gauge, 78 km
0.600-meter gauge; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; all government
owned
Highways:
119,500 km total; 11,812 km state, 34,180 km provincial, and 73,508 km
district roads
Inland waterways:
21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460
km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
Pipelines:
crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989)
Ports:
Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Ujungpandang, Semarang,
Surabaya
Merchant marine:
387 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,698,946 GRT/2,560,414 DWT; includes
5 short-sea passenger, 13 passenger-cargo, 231 cargo, 8 container, 3
roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 vehicle carrier, 79 petroleum tanker, 5 chemical
tanker, 6 liquefied gas, 7 specialized tanker, 1 livestock carrier, 25 bulk,
1 passenger
Civil air:
about 216 commercial transport aircraft
Airports:
437 total, 410 usable; 114 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways
over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 64 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
interisland microwave system and HF police net; domestic service fair,
international service good; radiobroadcast coverage good; 763,000 telephones
(1986); broadcast stations - 618 AM, 38 FM, 9 TV; satellite earth stations -
1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth
station; and 1 domestic satellite communications system
:Indonesia Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 51,906,415; 30,668,815 fit for military service; 2,095,698
reach military age (18) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $1.7 billion, 2% of GNP (FY91)
:Iran Geography