:Kuwait Communications
Railroads:
6,456 km total track length (1990); over 700 km double track; government
owned
Highways:
3,900 km total; 3,000 km bituminous; 900 km earth, sand, light gravel
Pipelines:
crude oil 877 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 165 km
Ports:
Ash Shu`aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Mina' al 'Ahmadi
Merchant marine:
29 ships (1,000 GRT or over), totaling 1,196,435 GRT/1,957,216 DWT; includes
2 cargo, 4 livestock carrier, 18 oil tanker, 4 liquefied gas; note - all
Kuwaiti ships greater than 1,000 GRT were outside Kuwaiti waters at the time
of the Iraqi invasion; many of these ships transferred to the Liberian flag
or to the flags of other Persian Gulf states; only 1 has returned to Kuwaiti
flag since the liberation of Kuwait
Civil air:
9 major transport aircraft
Airports:
7 total, 4 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over
3,659 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; none with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
civil network suffered extensive damage as a result of Desert Storm;
reconstruction is under way with some restored international and domestic
capabilities; broadcast stations - 3 AM, 0 FM, 3 TV; satellite earth
stations - destroyed during Persian Gulf war; temporary mobile satellite
ground stations provide international telecommunications; coaxial cable and
radio relay to Saudi Arabia; service to Iraq is nonoperational
:Kuwait Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, National Guard
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 389,770; 234,609 fit for military service; 12,773 reach
military age (18) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $9.17 billion, 20.4% of GDP (1992 budget)
:Kyrgyzstan Geography
Total area:
198,500 km2
Land area:
191,300 km2
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than South Dakota
Land boundaries:
3,878 km; China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan
1,099 km
Coastline:
none - landlocked
Maritime claims:
none - landlocked
Disputes:
territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southern boundary in Isfara Valley
area
Climate:
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in south (Fergana
Valley)
Terrain:
peaks of Tien Shan rise to 7,000 meters, and associated valleys and basins
encompass entire nation
Natural resources:
small amounts of coal, natural gas, oil; also nepheline, rare earth metals,
mercury, bismuth, gold, uranium, lead, zinc, hydroelectric power
Land use:
NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest
and woodland; NA% other; includes NA% irrigated
Environment:
NA
:Kyrgyzstan People
Population:
4,567,875 (July 1992), growth rate 1.9% (1992)
Birth rate:
31 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
8 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
- 8.5 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
56 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
Life expectancy at birth:
62 years male, 71 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
4.0 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Kirghiz(s); adjective - Kirghiz
Ethnic divisions:
Kirghiz 52%, Russian 21%, Uzbek 13%, other 14%
Religions:
Muslim 70%, Russian Orthodox NA%
Languages:
Kirghiz (Kyrgyz)
Literacy:
NA% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write
Labor force:
1,894,000 (1989); agriculture 33%, other 49%, industry 18%, other NA% (1988)
Organized labor:
NA
:Kyrgyzstan Government
Long-form name:
Republic of Kyrgyzstan
Type:
republic
Capital:
Bishkek (formerly Frunze)
Administrative divisions:
6 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast'); Chu, Dzhalal-Abad, Issyk-Kul',
Naryn, Osh, Talas; note - an oblast has the same name as its administrative
center
Independence:
31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union; formerly Kirghiz Soviet Socialist
Republic)
Constitution:
adopted NA, effective 20 April 1978, amended 23 September 1989; note - new
constitution is being drafted
Legal system:
NA
National holiday:
NA
Executive branch:
president, Cabinet of Ministers
Legislative branch:
unicameral body or bicameral
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court
Leaders:
President Askar AKAYEV; Vice President Felix KULOV; Chairman, Supreme
Soviet, Medetkav SHERIMKULOV; Spiritual leader of Kyrgyz Muslims, Sadykzhav
KAMALOV
Chief of State:
President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990), Vice President Felix KULOV
(since 2 March 1992)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Tursenbek CHYNGYSHEV (since 2 March 1992)
Political parties and leaders:
Kyrgyzstan Democratic Movement, Zhypur ZHEKSHEYEV, Kazat AKMAKOV, and
Toshubek TURGANALIEV, co-chairmen of popular front coalition of 40 informal
groups for Democratic Renewal and Civic Accord, 117-man pro-Akayev
parliamentary faction; Civic Accord, Coalition representing nonnative
minority groups; National Revived Asaba (Banner) Party, Asan ORMUSHEV,
chairman; Communist Party now banned
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held 12 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - AKAYEV won in
uncontested election with 95% of vote with 90% of electorate voting; note -
Republic Supreme Soviet elections held 25 February 1990; presidential
elections held first by Supreme Soviet 28 October 1990, then by popular vote
12 October 1991
Supreme Soviet:
note - last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held no later than November
1994); results - Commnunists (310) 90%, seats - (350 total)
Other political or pressure groups:
National Unity Democratic Movement; Peasant Party; Council of Free Trade
Union; Union of Entrepreneurs
Member of:
CIS, CSCE, IMF, UN, UNCTAD