:Lithuania Communications
Railroads:
2,010 km (includes NA km electrified); does not include industrial lines
(1990)
Highways:
44,200 km total (1990); 35,500 km hard surfaced, 8,700 km earth
Inland waterways:
600 km perennially navigable
Pipelines:
NA
Ports:
maritime - Klaipeda; inland - Kaunas
Merchant marine:
66 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 268,854 GRT/315,690 DWT; includes 27
cargo, 24 timber carrier, 1 container, 3 railcar carrier, 11 combination
bulk
Civil air:
NA
Airports:
NA
Telecommunications:
better developed than in most other former USSR republics; 22.4 telephones
per 100 persons; broadcast stations - 13 AM, 26 FM, 1 SW, 1 LW, 3 TV;
landlines or microwave to former USSR republics; leased connection to the
Moscow international switch for traffic with other countries; satellite
earth stations - (8 channels to Norway)
:Lithuania Defense Forces
Branches:
Ground Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops),
National Guard/Volunteers; Russian Forces (Ground, Navy, Air, and Air
Defense)
Manpower availability:
NA
:Luxembourg Geography
Total area:
2,586 km
Land area:
2,586 km
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Land boundaries:
359 km; Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km
Coastline:
none - landlocked
Maritime claims:
none - landlocked
Disputes:
none
Climate:
modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
Terrain:
mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to
slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle floodplain in
the southeast
Natural resources:
iron ore (no longer exploited)
Land use:
arable land 24%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 20%; forest and
woodland 21%; other 34%
Environment:
deforestation
Note:
landlocked
:Luxembourg People
Population:
392,405 (July 1992), growth rate 1.0% (1992)
Birth rate:
12 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
10 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
7 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
8 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
73 years male, 80 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
1.6 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Luxembourger(s); adjective - Luxembourg
Ethnic divisions:
Celtic base, with French and German blend; also guest and worker residents
from Portugal, Italy, and European countries
Religions:
Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3%
Languages:
Luxembourgisch, German, French; many also speak English
Literacy:
100% (male 100%, female 100%) age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)
Labor force:
177,300; one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal,
Italy, France, Belgium, and FRG; services 65%, industry 31.6%, agriculture
3.4% (1988)
Organized labor:
100,000 (est.) members of four confederated trade unions
:Luxembourg Government
Long-form name:
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Type:
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
Luxembourg
Administrative divisions:
3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg
Independence:
1839
Constitution:
17 October 1868, occasional revisions
Legal system:
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday:
National Day (public celebration of the Grand Duke's birthday), 23 June
(1921)
Executive branch:
grand duke, prime minister, vice prime minister, Council of Ministers
(cabinet)
Legislative branch:
unicameral Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes); note - the Council of
State (Conseil d'Etat) is an advisory body whose views are considered by the
Chamber of Deputies
Judicial branch:
Superior Court of Justice (Cour Superieure de Justice)
Leaders:
Chief of State:
Grand Duke JEAN (since 12 November 1964); Heir Apparent Prince HENRI (son of
Grand Duke Jean, born 16 April 1955)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Jacques SANTER (since 21 July 1984); Vice Prime Minister
Jacques F. POOS (since 21 July 1984)
Political parties and leaders:
Christian Social Party (CSV), Jacques SANTER; Socialist Workers Party
(LSAP), Jacques POOS; Liberal (DP), Colette FLESCH; Communist (KPL), Andre
HOFFMANN; Green Alternative (GAP), Jean HUSS
Suffrage:
universal and compulsory at age 18
Elections:
Chamber of Deputies:
last held on 18 June 1989 (next to be held by June 1994); results - CSV
31.7%, LSAP 27.2%, DP 16.2%, Greens 8.4%, PAC 7.3%, KPL 5.1%, other 4.1%;
seats - (60 total) CSV 22, LSAP 18, DP 11, Greens 4, PAC 4, KPL 1
Other political or pressure groups:
group of steel industries representing iron and steel industry, Centrale
Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor
unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation
Member of:
ACCT, Australia Group, Benelux, CCC, CE, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB,
EMS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,
IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LORCS, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG,
OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Alphonse BERNS; Chancery at 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW,
Washington, DC 20008; telephone (202) 265-4171; there are Luxembourg
Consulates General in New York and San Francisco