:Poland Communications
Railroads:
27,041 km total; 24,287 km 1.435-meter gauge, 397 km 1.520-meter gauge,
2,357 km narrow gauge; 8,987 km double track; 11,016 km electrified;
government owned (1989)
Highways:
299,887 km total; 130,000 km improved hard surface (concrete, asphalt, stone
block); 24,000 km unimproved hard surface (crushed stone, gravel); 100,000
km earth; 45,887 km other urban roads (1985)
Inland waterways:
3,997 km navigable rivers and canals (1989)
Pipelines:
natural gas 4,500 km, crude oil 1,986 km, petroleum products 360 km (1987)
Ports:
Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Swinoujscie; principal inland ports are Gliwice on
Kana Gliwice, Wrocaw on the Oder, and Warsaw on the Vistula
Merchant marine:
222 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,851,016 GRT/4,019,531 DWT; includes
5 short-sea passenger, 79 cargo, 4 refrigerated cargo, 14 roll-on/roll-off
cargo, 12 container, 1 petroleum tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 102 bulk, 1
passenger; Poland owns 1 ship of 6,333 DWT operating under Liberian registry
Civil air:
48 major transport aircraft
Airports:
160 total, 160 usable; 85 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over
3,659 m; 35 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 65 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
severely underdeveloped and outmoded system; cable, open wire and microwave;
phone density is 10.5 phones per 100 residents (October 1990); 3.1 million
subscribers; exchanges are 86% automatic (February 1990); broadcast stations
- 27 AM, 27 FM, 40 (5 Soviet repeaters) TV; 9.6 million TVs; 1 satellite
earth station using INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, INMARSAT and Intersputnik
:Poland Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 9,785,823; 7,696,425 fit for military service; 294,191 reach
military age (19) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - 19.2 trillion zotych, NA% of GDP (1991); note -
conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current
exchange rate could produce misleading results
:Portugal Geography
Total area:
92,080 km2
Land area:
91,640 km2; includes Azores and Madeira Islands
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than Indiana
Land boundaries:
1,214 km; Spain 1,214 km
Coastline:
1,793 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf:
200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Indonesia
Climate:
maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Terrain:
mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south
Natural resources:
fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble
Land use:
arable land 32%; permanent crops 6%; meadows and pastures 6%; forest and
woodland 40%; other 16%; includes irrigated 7%
Environment:
Azores subject to severe earthquakes
Note:
Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea
approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
:Portugal People
Population:
10,448,509 (July 1992), growth rate 0.4% (1992)
Birth rate:
12 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
10 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
2 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
10 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
71 years male, 78 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
1.4 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Portuguese (singular and plural); adjective - Portuguese
Ethnic divisions:
homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands;
citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during
decolonization number less than 100,000
Religions:
Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%, other 2%
Languages:
Portuguese
Literacy:
85% (male 89%, female 82%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
Labor force:
4,605,700; services 45%, industry 35%, agriculture 20% (1988)
Organized labor:
about 55% of the labor force; the Communist-dominated General Confederation
of Portuguese Workers - Intersindical (CGTP-IN) represents more than half of
the unionized labor force; its main competition, the General Workers Union
(UGT), is organized by the Socialists and Social Democrats and represents
less than half of unionized labor
:Portugal Government
Long-form name:
Portuguese Republic
Type:
republic
Capital:
Lisbon
Administrative divisions:
18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions*
(regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*,
Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria,
Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo,
Vila Real, Viseu
Independence:
1140; independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910
Constitution:
25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989
Legal system:
civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality
of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday:
Day of Portugal, 10 June
Executive branch:
president, Council of State, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Council
of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)
Judicial branch:
Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justica)
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985)
Political parties and leaders:
Social Democratic Party (PSD), Anibal CAVACO Silva; Portuguese Socialist
Party (PS), Jorge SAMPAIO; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Herminio
MARTINHO; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Alvaro CUNHAL; Social Democratic
Center (CDS), Andriano MORREIRA (interim); National Solidarity Party, Manuel
SERGIO; Center Democratic Party; United Democratic Coalition (CDU;
Communists)
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996); results - Dr.
Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos CARVALHAS 13%, Carlos
MARQUES 3%
Assembly of the Republic:
last held 6 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - PSD
50.4%, PS 29.3%, CDU 8.8%, Center Democrats 4.4%, National Solidarity Party
1.7%, PRD 0.6%, other 4.8%; seats - (230 total) PSD 135, PS 72, CDU 17,
Center Democrats 5, National Solidarity Party 1
Communists:
Portuguese Communist Party claims membership of 200,753 (December 1983)