:Reunion Defense Forces
Branches:
French Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie)
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 164,974; 85,370 fit for military service; 6,083 reach military
age (18) annually
Note:
defense is the responsibility of France
:Romania Geography
Total area:
237,500 km2
Land area:
230,340 km2
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
2,508 km total; Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and
Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (south) 169 km
Coastline:
225 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf:
200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
none
Climate:
temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers
with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Terrain:
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the plain of Moldavia on the
east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on
the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Natural resources:
crude oil (reserves being exhausted), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore,
salt
Land use:
arable land 43%; permanent crops 3%; meadows and pastures 19%; forest and
woodland 28%; other 7%; includes irrigated 11%
Environment:
frequent earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure
and climate promote landslides; air pollution in south
Note:
controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova,
and the Ukraine
:Romania People
Population:
23,169,914 (July 1992), growth rate 0.0% (1992)
Birth rate:
14 births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
10 deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
-3 migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
22 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
68 years male, 74 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
1.8 children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Romanian(s); adjective - Romanian
Ethnic divisions:
Romanian 89.1%, Hungarian 8.9%, German 0.4%, Ukrainian, Serb, Croat,
Russian, Turk, and Gypsy 1.6%
Religions:
Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 6%, Greek Catholic (Uniate) 3%,
Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 15%
Languages:
Romanian, Hungarian, German
Literacy:
96% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.)
Labor force:
10,945,700; industry 38%, agriculture 28%, other 34% (1989)
Organized labor:
until December 1989, a single trade union system organized by the General
Confederation of Romanian Trade Unions (UGSR) under control of the Communist
Party; since CEAUSESCU'S overthrow, newly created trade and professional
trade unions are joining umbrella organizations, including the Organization
of Free Trade Unions, Fratia (Brotherhood), and the Alfa Cartel; many other
trade unions have been formed
:Romania Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
republic
Capital:
Bucharest
Administrative divisions:
40 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu);
Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov,
Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna,
Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi,
Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu,
Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea
Independence:
1881 (from Turkey); republic proclaimed 30 December 1947
Constitution:
8 December 1991
Legal system:
former mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory that
increasingly reflected Romanian traditions is being revised
National holiday:
National Day of Romania, 1 December (1990)
Executive branch:
*** No entry for this item ***
president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Senate (Senat) and a
lower house or House of Deputies (Adunarea Deputatilor)
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court of Justice
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 June 1990, previously President of
Provisional Council of National Unity since 23 December 1989)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Teodor STOLOJAN (since 2 October 1991)
Political parties and leaders:
National Salvation Front (FSN), Petre ROMAN; Democratuc National Salvation
Front (DNSF), Olivia GHERMAN; Magyar Democratic Union (UDMR), Geza DOMOKOS;
National Liberal Party (PNL), Radu CAMPEANU; National Peasants' Christian
and Democratic Party (PNTCD), Corneliu COPOSU; Ecology Movement (MER), Toma
Gheorghe MAIORESCU; Romanian National Unity Party (PUNR), Radu CEONTEA;
there are now more than 100 other parties; note - although the Communist
Party has ceased to exist, small proto-Communist parties, notably the
Socialist Labor Party, have been formed
Suffrage:
universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held NA 1992); results - Ion ILIESCU 85%,
Radu CAMPEANU 10.5%, Ion RATIU 3.8%
Senate:
last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held NA 1992); results - FSN 67%, other
33%; seats - (118 total) FSN 92, UDMR 12, PNL 9, PUNR 2, PNTCD 1, MER 1,
other 1
House of Deputies:
last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held NA 1992); results - FSN 66%, UDMR 7%,
PNL 6%, MER 2%, PNTCD 2%, PUNR 2%, other 15%; seats - (387 total) FSN 263,
UDMR 29, PNL 29, PNTCD 12, MER 12, PUNR 9, other 33
:Romania Government
Member of:
BIS, CCC, CSCE, ECE, FAO, G-9, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBEC, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD,
IFC, IIB, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM (guest), PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Aurel MUNTEANU; Chancery at 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC
20008; telephone (202) 232-4747
US:
Ambassador John R. DAVIS; Embassy at Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest
(mailing address is APO AE 09213-5260); telephone [40] (0) 10-40-40; FAX
[40] (0) 12-03-95
Flag:
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the
national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been
removed; now similar to the flags of Andorra and Chad