:Serbia and Montenegro Geography
Total area:
102,350 km2
Land area:
102,136 km2: note - Serbia has a total area and a land area of 88,412 km2
while Montenegro has a total area of 13,938 km2 and a land area of 13,724
km2
Comparative area:
slightly larger than Kentucky; note - Serbia is slightly larger than Maine
while Montenegro is slightly larger than Connecticut
Land boundaries:
2,234 km total; Albania 287 km (114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro),
Bosnia and Hercegovina 527 km (312 km with Serbia, 215 km with Montenegro),
Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 239 km, Croatia (south) 15 km, Hungary 151
km, Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km; note - the internal boundary between
Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km
Coastline:
199 km; Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km
Maritime claims:
none - landlocked
Contiguous zone:
NA nm
Continental shelf:
NA meter depth
Exclusive fishing zone:
NA nm
Exclusive economic zone:
NA nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
Sandzak region bordering northern Montenegro and southeastern Serbia -
Muslims seeking autonomy; Vojvodina taken from Hungary and awarded to the
former Yugoslavia (Serbia) by Treaty of Trianon in 1920; disputes with
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas; Albanian
minority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic
Climate:
in the north, continental climate - cold winter and hot, humid summers with
well distributed rainfall; central portion, continental and Mediterranean
climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers
and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Terrain:
extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone
ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the
southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast; home of
largest lake in former Yugoslavia, Lake Scutari
Natural resources:
oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome
Land use:
arable land 30%; permanent crops 5%; meadows and pastures 20%; forest and
woodland 25%; other 20%; includes irrigated 5%
Environment:
coastal water pollution from sewage outlets, especially in tourist related
areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial
cities; water pollution along Danube from industrial waste dump into the
Sava which drains into the Danube; subject to destructive earthquakes
Note:
controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the
Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
:Serbia and Montenegro People
Population:
10,642,000 (July 1992), growth rate NA% (1991)
Birth rate:
NA births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
NA deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
NA migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
NA deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
Serbia - 70.11 years male, 75.21 years female (1992); Montenegro - 76.33
years male, 82.27 years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
NA children born/woman (1992)
Nationality:
noun - Serbian(s) and Montenegrin(s); adjective - Serbian and Montenegrin
Ethnic divisions:
Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%
Religions:
Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Languages:
Serbo-Croatian 100%
Literacy:
89% (male 95%, female 83%) age 10 and over can read and write (1991 est.)
Labor force:
2,640,909; industry, mining 40%, agriculture 5% (1990)
Organized labor:
NA
:Serbia and Montenegro Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
republic
Capital:
Belgrade
Administrative divisions:
2 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina); and 2 automous provinces*;
Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Independence:
NA April 1992
Constitution:
NA April 1992
Legal system:
based on civil law system
National holiday:
NA
Executive branch:
president, vice president, prime minister, deputy prime minister
Legislative branch:
Parliament
Judicial branch:
NA
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Dobric COSIC (since NA), Vice President Branko KOSTIC (since July
1991); note - Slobodan MILOSEVIC is president of Serbia
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Milan PANIC (since 14 July 1992), Deputy Prime Minister
Aleksandr MITROVIC (since March 1989)
Political parties and leaders:
former Communisty Party, Slobodan MILOSEVIC; Serbian Radical Party, Vojislav
SESELJ; Serbian Renewal Party, Vok DRASKOVIC
Suffrage:
at age 16 if employed, universal at age 18
Elections:
President:
NA
Parliament:
last held 4 June 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by
party NA; seats - (138 total) former Community Party 73, Radical Party 33,
other 32
Communists:
NA
Other political or pressure groups:
NA
Member of:
CSCE, UN
Diplomatic representation:
none; US does not recognize Serbia and Montenegro
Flag:
NA
:Serbia and Montenegro Economy
Overview:
The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation has been accompanied by bloody
ethnic warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup
of important interrepublic trade flows. The situation in Serbia and
Montenegro remains fluid in view of the extensive political and military
strife. This new state faces major economic problems. First, like the other
former Yugoslav republics, Serbia and Montenegro depended on their sister
republics for large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and
manufactures. Wide varieties in climate, mineral resources, and levels of
technology among the six republics accentuated this interdependence, as did
the Communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small
number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp
drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the
destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the
economic difficulties of the republics. One singular factor in the economic
situation of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a
Communist government that is primarily interested in political and military
mastery, not economic reform. A further complication is the major economic
sanctions by the leading industrial nations.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $44 billion, per capita $4,200; real growth rate
NA% (1990)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
60% per month
Unemployment rate:
25-40%
Budget:
NA
Exports:
$4.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
machinery and transport equipment 29%, manufactured goods 28.5%,
miscellaneous manufactured articles 13.5%, chemicals 11%, food and live
animals 9%, raw materials 6%, fuels and lubricants 2%, beverages and tobacco
1%
partners:
principally the other former Yugoslav republics; Italy, Germany, other EC,
the former USSR, East European countries, US
Imports:
$6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities:
machinery and transport equipment 26%, fuels and lubricants 18%,
manufactured goods 16%, chemicals 12.5%, food and live animals 11%,
miscellaneous manufactured items 8%, raw materials, including coking coal
for the steel industry, 7%, beverages, tobacco, and edible oils 1.5%
partners:
principally the other former Yugoslav republics; the former USSR, EC
countries (mainly Italy and Germany), East European countries, US
External debt:
$4.2 billion (may assume some part of foreign debt of former Yugoslavia)
Industrial production:
growth rate -20% or greater (1991 est.)
Electricity:
8,633,000 kW capacity; 34,600 million kWh produced, 3,496 kWh per capita
(1991)
:Serbia and Montenegro Economy
Industries:
machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and
weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery), metallurgy (steel,
aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium), mining
(coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone), consumer goods
(textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances), electronics, petroleum
products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Agriculture:
the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the
former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory; Vojvodina
also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production;
Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long
growing season; produces fruit, grapes, and cereals; in this area, livestock
production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper; Kosovo province
produces fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals; the
mountainous pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat
husbandry; Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the
coast where a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus,
grapes, and rice
Illicit drugs:
NA
Economic aid:
NA
Currency:
Yugoslav New Dinar (plural - New Dinars); 1 Yugo New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras
Exchange rates:
Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 28.230 (December 1991), 15.162 (1990),
15.528 (1989), 0.701 (1988), 0.176 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year