:Suriname Defense Forces
Branches:
National Army (including Navy which is company-size, small Air Force
element), Civil Police, People's Militia
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 109,551; 65,250 fit for military service
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
:Svalbard Geography
Total area:
62,049 km2
Land area:
62,049 km2; includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
none
Coastline:
3,587 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive fishing zone:
200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway, not recognized by Russia
Territorial sea:
4 nm
Disputes:
focus of maritime boundary dispute in the Barents Sea between Norway and
Russia
Climate:
arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters;
North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen,
keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Terrain:
wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of
ice about half the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Natural resources:
coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
Land use:
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and
woodland 0%; other 100%; there are no trees and the only bushes are
crowberry and cloudberry
Environment:
great calving glaciers descend to the sea
Note:
located 445 km north of Norway where the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea,
Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea meet
:Svalbard People
Population:
3,181 (July 1992), growth rate -3.9% (1992); about one-third of the
population resides in the Norwegian areas (Longyearbyen and Svea on
Vestspitsbergen) and two-thirds in the Russian areas (Barentsburg and
Pyramiden on Vestspitsbergen); about 9 persons live at the Polish research
station
Birth rate:
NA births/1,000 population (1992)
Death rate:
NA deaths/1,000 population (1992)
Net migration rate:
NA migrants/1,000 population (1992)
Infant mortality rate:
NA deaths/1,000 live births (1992)
Life expectancy at birth:
NA years male, NA years female (1992)
Total fertility rate:
NA children born/woman (1992)
Ethnic divisions:
Russian 64%, Norwegian 35%, other 1% (1981)
Languages:
Russian, Norwegian
Literacy:
NA% (male NA%, female NA%)
Labor force:
NA
Organized labor:
none
:Svalbard Government
Long-form name:
none
Type:
territory of Norway administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through
a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9
February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway
Capital:
Longyearbyen
Leaders:
Chief of State:
King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991)
Head of Government:
Governor Leif ELDRING (since NA)
Member of:
none
Flag:
the flag of Norway is used
:Svalbard Economy
Overview:
Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. By treaty (9
February 1920), the nationals of the treaty powers have equal rights to
exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK,
Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies
still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are
essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs
nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local
services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some
trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.
Budget:
revenues $13.3 million, expenditures $13.3 million, including capital
expenditures of $NA (1990)
Electricity:
21,000 kW capacity; 45 million kWh produced, 11,420 kWh per capita (1989)
Currency:
Norwegian krone (plural - kroner); 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 ore
Exchange rates:
Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.5189 (March 1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597
(1990), 6.9045 (1989), 6.5170 (1988), 6.7375 (1987)