:Uganda Economy
Overview:
Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular
rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. The economy has
been devastated by widespread political instability, mismanagement, and
civil war since independence in 1962, keeping Uganda poor with a per capita
income of about $300. (GDP remains below the levels of the early 1970s, as
does industrial production.) Agriculture is the most important sector of the
economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export
crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government
has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency
reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing petroleum
prices, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially
aimed at dampening inflation, which was running at over 300% in 1987, and
boosting production and export earnings. During the period 1990-91, the
economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the
rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and
exports, and gradually improving domestic security.
GDP:
exchange rate conversion - $5.6 billion, per capita $300; real growth rate
4.5% (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
35% (1991 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues $365 million; expenditures $545 million, including capital
expenditures of $165 million (FY89 est.)
Exports:
$208 million (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
coffee 97%, cotton, tea
partners:
US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%
Imports:
$209 million (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities:
petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation
equipment, food
partners:
Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%
External debt:
$1.9 billion (1991 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7.0% (1990); accounts for 5% of GDP
Electricity:
175,000 kW capacity; 315 million kWh produced, 15 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
Agriculture:
mainly subsistence; accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor force;
cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops - cassava, potatoes,
corn, millet, pulses; livestock products - beef, goat meat, milk, poultry;
self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.4 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $169
million
:Uganda Economy
Currency:
Ugandan shilling (plural - shillings); 1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,031.3 (March 1992), 734.0 (1991),
428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989), 106.1 (1988), 42.8 (1987)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
:Uganda Communications
Railroads:
1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track
Highways:
26,200 km total; 1,970 km paved; 5,849 km crushed stone, gravel, and
laterite; remainder earth roads and tracks
Inland waterways:
Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria
Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja and Port Bell,
both on Lake Victoria
Merchant marine:
1 roll-on/roll-off (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,697 GRT
Civil air:
6 major transport aircraft
Airports:
35 total, 27 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over
3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
fair system with microwave and radio communications stations; broadcast
stations - 10 AM, no FM, 9 TV; satellite communications ground stations - 1
Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT
:Uganda Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, about 4,132,887; about 2,243,933 for military service
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
:Ukraine Geography
Total area:
603,700 km2
Land area:
603,700 km2
Comparative area:
slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries:
4,558 km total; Belarus 891 km, Czechoslovakia 90 km, Hungary 103 km,
Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west)
362 km, Russia 1,576 km
Coastline:
2,782 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone:
NA nm
Continental shelf:
NA meter depth
Exclusive fishing zone:
NA nm
Exclusive economic zone:
NA nm
Territorial sea:
NA nm
Disputes:
potential border disputes with Moldova and Romania in northern Bukovina and
southern Odessa oblast
Climate:
temperate continental; subtropical only on the southern Crimean coast;
precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north,
lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to
cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the
country, hot in the south
Terrain:
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux, mountains
being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean peninsula
in the extreme south
Natural resources:
iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite,
titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber
Land use:
56% arable land; 2% permanent crops; 12% meadows and pastures; NA% forest
and woodland; 30% other; includes 3% irrigated
Environment:
air and water pollution, deforestation, radiation contamination around
Chernobyl nuclear plant
Note:
strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest
country in Europe