Overview:
This modern economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale
and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable
living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark probably
will continue its successful economic recovery in 1992 with tight fiscal and
monetary policies and export- oriented growth. Prime Minister Schluter's
main priorities are to maintain a current account surplus in order to pay
off extensive external debt and to continue to freeze public-sector
expenditures in order to reduce the budget deficit. The rate of growth by
1993 - boosted by increased investment and domestic demand - may be
sufficient to start to cut Denmark's high unemployment rate, which is
expected to remain at about 11% in 1992. Low inflation, low wage increases,
and the current account surplus put Denmark in a good competitive position
for the EC's anticipated single market, although Denmark must cut its VAT
and income taxes.
GDP:
purchasing power equivalent - $91.1 billion, per capita $17,700; real growth
rate 2.0% (1991)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.4% (1991)
Unemployment rate:
10.6% (1991)
Budget:
revenues $44.1 billion; expenditures $50 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA billion (1991 est.)
Exports:
$37.8 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
commodities:
meat and meat products, dairy products, transport equipment (shipbuilding),
fish, chemicals, industrial machinery
partners:
EC 54.2% (Germany 22.5%, UK 10.3%, France 5.9%), Sweden 11.5%, Norway 5.8%,
US 5.0%, Japan 3.6% (1991)
Imports:
$31.6 billion (c.i.f., 1991)
commodities:
petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs,
textiles, paper
partners:
EC 52.8% (Germany 22.5%, UK 8.1%), Sweden 10.8%, US 6.3% (1991)
External debt:
$45 billion (1991)
Industrial production:
growth rate 0% (1991 est.)
Electricity:
11,215,000 kW capacity; 31,000 million kWh produced, 6,030 kWh per capita
(1991)
Industries:
food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical
products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products
Agriculture:
accounts for 4.5% of GDP and employs 6% of labor force (includes fishing and
forestry); farm products account for nearly 15% of export revenues;
principal products - meat, dairy, grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets, fish;
self-sufficient in food production
Economic aid:
donor - ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89) $5.9 billion
Currency:
Danish krone (plural - kroner); 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 re
:Denmark Economy
Exchange rates:
Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.116 (January 1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189
(1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988), 6.840 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
:Denmark Communications
Railroads:
2,675 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; Danish State Railways (DSB) operate
2,120 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry services); 188 km
electrified, 730 km double tracked; 650 km of standard- gauge lines are
privately owned and operated
Highways:
66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km
gravel, crushed stone, improved earth
Inland waterways:
417 km
Pipelines:
crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km
Ports:
Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia; numerous secondary and minor
ports
Merchant marine:
317 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,367,063 GRT/7,921,891 DWT; includes
13 short-sea passenger, 94 cargo, 21 refrigerated cargo, 38 container, 39
roll-on/roll-off, 1 railcar carrier, 42 petroleum tanker, 14 chemical
tanker, 33 liquefied gas, 4 livestock carrier, 17 bulk, 1 combination bulk;
note - Denmark has created its own internal register, called the Danish
International Ship register (DIS); DIS ships do not have to meet Danish
manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience within the
Danish register; by the end of 1990, 258 of the Danish-flag ships belonged
to the DIS
Civil air:
69 major transport aircraft
Airports:
121 total, 108 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways
over 3,659 m; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications:
excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 4,509,000
telephones; buried and submarine cables and radio relay support trunk
network; broadcast stations - 3 AM, 2 FM, 50 TV; 19 submarine coaxial
cables; 7 earth stations operating in INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, and INMARSAT
:Denmark Defense Forces
Branches:
Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard
Manpower availability:
males 15-49, 1,372,878; 1,181,857 fit for military service; 38,221 reach
military age (20) annually
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $2.5 billion, 2% of GDP (1991)
:Djibouti Geography
Total area:
22,000 km2
Land area:
21,980 km2
Comparative area:
slightly larger than Massachusetts
Land boundaries:
517 km; Ethiopia 459 km, Somalia 58 km
Coastline:
314 km
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone:
24 nm
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Disputes:
possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis
Climate:
desert; torrid, dry
Terrain:
coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Natural resources:
geothermal areas
Land use:
arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 9%; forest and
woodland NEGL%; other 91%
Environment:
vast wasteland
Note:
strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian
oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia
:Djibouti People