*Liechtenstein, Communications
Railroads:
18.5 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, electrified; owned, operated, and
included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways
Highways:
130.66 km main roads, 192.27 km byroads
Airports:
none
Telecommunications:
limited, but sufficient automatic telephone system; 25,400 telephones;
linked to Swiss networks by cable and radio relay for international
telephone, radio, and TV services
*Liechtenstein, Defense Forces
Note: defense is responsibility of Switzerland
*Lithuania, Geography
Location:
Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Sweden and Russia
Map references:
Asia, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
65,200 km2
land area:
65,200 km2
comparative area:
slightly larger than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
total 1,273 km, Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia
(Kaliningrad) 227 km
Coastline:
108 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
dispute with Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) over the position of the Neman
River border presently located on the Lithuanian bank and not in midriver as
by international standards
Climate:
maritime; wet, moderate winters
Terrain:
lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil
Natural resources:
peat
Land use:
arable land:
49.1%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
22.2%
forest and woodland:
16.3%
other:
12.4%
Irrigated land:
430 km2 (1990)
Environment:
risk of accidents from the two Chernobyl-type reactors at the Ignalina
Nuclear Power Plant; contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum
products and chemicals at military bases
*Lithuania, People
Population:
3,819,638 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.76% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
14.95 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
10.94 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
3.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
16.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
71.12 years
male:
66.39 years
female:
76.08 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.03 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Lithuanian(s)
adjective:
Lithuanian
Ethnic divisions:
Lithuanian 80.1%, Russian 8.6%, Polish 7.7%, Belarusian 1.5%, other 2.1%
Religions:
Roman Catholic, Lutheran, other
Languages:
Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian
Literacy:
age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
total population:
100%
male:
100%
female:
100%
Labor force:
1.836 million
by occupation:
industry and construction 42%, agriculture and forestry 18%, other 40%
(1990)
*Lithuania, Government
Names: conventional long form:
Republic of Lithuania
conventional short form:
Lithuania
local long form:
Lietuvos Respublika
local short form:
Lietuva
former:
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph:
LH
Type:
republic
Capital:
Vilnius
Administrative divisions:
NA districts
Independence:
6 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Constitution:
adopted 25 October 1992
Legal system:
based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
National holiday:
Independence Day, 16 February
Political parties and leaders:
Christian Democratic Party, Egidijus KLUMBYS, chairman; Democratic Labor
Party of Lithuania, Algirdas Mykolas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman; Lithuanian
Democratic Party, Sauluis PECELIUNAS, chairman; Lithuanian Green Party,
Irena IGNATAVICIENE, chairwoman; Lithuanian Humanism Party, Vytautas
KAZLAUSKAS, chairman; Lithuanian Independence Party, Virgilijus CEPAITIS,
chairman; Lithuanian Liberty League, Antanas TERLECKAS; Lithuanian Liberal
Union, Vytautus RADZVILAS, chairman; Lithuanian Nationalist Union, Rimantas
SMETONA, chairman; Lithuanian Social Democratic Party, Aloizas SAKALAS,
chairman; Union of the Motherland, Vytavtas LANDSBERGIS, chairman
Other political or pressure groups:
Sajudis; Lithuanian Future Forum; Farmers Union
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Elections:
President:
last held 14 February 1993 (next to be held NA); results - Algirdas
BRAZAUSKAS was elected
Seimas (parliament):
last held 26 October and 25 November 1992 (next to be held NA); results -
Democratic Labor Party 51%; seats - (141 total) Democratic Labor Party 73
Executive branch:
president, prime minister, cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral Seimas (parliament)
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court, Court of Appeals
Leaders:
Chief of State:
Seimas Chairman and Acting President Algirdas Mykolas BRAZAUSKAS (since 15
November 1992); Deputy Seimas Chairmen Aloyzas SAKALAS (since NA December
1992) and Egidius BICKAUSKAS (since NA December 1992)