*Serbia and Montenegro, People
Population:
10,699,539 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
NA%
Birth rate:
NA births/1,000 population
Death rate:
NA deaths/1,000 population
Net migration rate:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Infant mortality rate: NA deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
NA years
male:
NA years
female:
NA years
Total fertility rate:
NA children born/woman
Nationality:
noun:
Serb(s) and Montenegrin(s)
adjective:
Serbian and Montenegrin
Ethnic divisions:
Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%, other 13%
Religions:
Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Languages:
Serbo-Croatian 95%, Albanian 5%
Literacy:
total population:
NA%
male:
NA%
female:
NA%
Labor force:
2,640,909
by occupation:
industry, mining 40%, agriculture 5% (1990)
*Serbia and Montenegro, Government
Names:
conventional long form:
none
conventional short form:
Serbia and Montenegro
local long form:
none
local short form:
Srbija-Crna Gora
Digraph:
SR
Type:
republic
Capital:
Belgrade
Administrative divisions:
2 republics (pokajine, singular - pokajina); and 2 autonomous provinces*;, Kosovo*, Montenegro,,
Serbia, Vojvodina*, Independence: 11 April 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
Constitution:
27 April 1992
Legal system:
based on civil law system
National holiday:
NA
Political parties and leaders:
Serbian Socialist Party (SPS; former Communist Party), Slobodan MILOSEVIC;
Serbian Radical Party (SRS), Vojislav SESELJ; Serbian Renewal Party (SPO),
Vuk DRASKOVIC; Democratic Party (DS), Dragoljub MICUNOVIC; Democratic Party
of Serbia, Vojislav KOSTUNICA; Democratic Party of Socialists (DSSCG), Momir
BULATOVIC; People's Party of Montenegro (NS), Novak KILIBARDA; Liberal
Alliance of Montenegro, Slavko PEROVIC; Democratic Community of Vojvodina
Hungarians (DZVM), Agoston ANDRAS; League of Communists-Movement for
Yugoslavia (SK-PJ), Dragan ATANASOVSKI
Other political or pressure groups:
Serbian Democratic Movement (DEPOS; coalition of opposition parties)
Suffrage:
16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Elections:
President:
Federal Assembly elected Zoran LILIC on 25 June 1993
Chamber of Republics:
last held 31 May 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote
by party NA; seats - (40 total; 20 Serbian, 20 Montenegrin)
Chamber of Citizens:
last held 31 May 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of votes
by party NA; seats (138 total; 108 Serbian, 30 Montenegrin) - SPS 73, SRS
33, DSSCG 23, SK-PJ 2, DZVM 2, independents 2, vacant 3
Executive branch:
president, vice president, prime minister, deputy prime minister, cabinet
Legislative branch:
bicameral Federal Assembly consists of an upper house or Chamber of
Republics and a lower house or Chamber of Deputies
Judicial branch:
Savezni Sud (Federal Court), Constitutional Court
*Serbia and Montenegro, Government
Leaders:
Chief of State:
Zoran LILIC (since 25 June 1993); note - Slobodan MILOSEVIC is president of
Serbia (since 9 December 1990); Momir BULATOVIC is president of Montenegro
(since 23 December 1990)
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Radoje KONTIC (since NA December 1992); Deputy Prime
Ministers Jovan ZEBIC (since NA March 1993), Asim TELACEVIC (since NA March
1993), Lovre KOVILJKO (since NA March 1993)
Diplomatic representation in US:
US and Serbia and Montenegro do not maintain full diplomatic relations; the
Embassy of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia continues to
function in the US
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission:
(vacant)
embassy:
address NA, Belgrade
mailing address:
American Embassy Box 5070, Unit 25402, APO AE 09213-5070
telephone:
[38] (11) 645-655
FAX:
[38] (11) 645-221
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red
*Serbia and Montenegro, Economy
Overview:
The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation has been followed by bloody
ethnic warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup
of important interrepublic trade flows. The situation in Serbia and
Montenegro remains fluid in view of the extensive political and military
strife. Serbia and Montenegro faces major economic problems. First, like the
other former Yugoslav republics, it depended on its sister republics for
large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and manufactures. Wide
varieties in climate, mineral resources, and levels of technology among the
republics accentuate this interdependence, as did the Communist practice of
concentrating much industrial output in a small number of giant plants. The
breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in output as industrial
plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction of physical assets in
the fighting all have contributed to the economic difficulties of the
republics. One singular factor in the economic situation of Serbia and
Montenegro is the continuation in office of a Communist government that is
primarily interested in political and military mastery, not economic reform.
A further complication is the imposition of economic sanctions by the UN.
National product:
GDP - exchange rate conversion - $27-37 billion (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
NA%
National product per capita:
$2,500-$3,500 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
81% (1991)
Unemployment rate:
25%-40% (1991 est.)
Budget:
revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
$4.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
machinery and transport equipment 29%, manufactured goods 28.5%,
miscellaneous manufactured articles 13.5%, chemicals 11%, food and live
animals 9%, raw materials 6%, fuels and lubricants 2%, beverages and tobacco
1%
partners:
prior to the imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council trade
partners were principally the other former Yugoslav republics; Italy,
Germany, other EC, the successor states of the former USSR, East European
countries, US
Imports:
$6.4 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
commodities:
machinery and transport equipment 26%, fuels and lubricants 18%,
manufactured goods 16%, chemicals 12.5%, food and live animals 11%,
miscellaneous manufactured items 8%, raw materials, including coking coal
for the steel industry, 7%, beverages, tobacco, and edible oils 1.5%
partners:
prior to the imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council the trade
partners were principally the other former Yugoslav republics; the successor
states of the former USSR, EC countries (mainly Italy and Germany), East
European countries, US
External debt:
$4.2 billion (may assume some part of foreign debt of former Yugoslavia)
Industrial production:
growth rate -20% or greater (1991 est.)
*Serbia and Montenegro, Economy
Electricity:
8,850,000 kW capacity; 42,000 million kWh produced, 3,950 kWh per capita
(1992)
Industries:
machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and
weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery), metallurgy (steel,
aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium), mining
(coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone), consumer goods
(textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances), electronics, petroleum
products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Agriculture:
the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the
former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory; Vojvodina
also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production;
Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long
growing season; produces fruit, grapes, and cereals; in this area, livestock
production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper; Kosovo produces
fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals; the mountainous
pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat husbandry;
Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the coast where
a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus, grapes, and
rice
Illicit drugs:
NA
Economic aid:
NA
Currency:
1 Yugoslav New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras
Exchange rates:
Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 28.230 (December 1991), 15.162 (1990),
15.528 (1989), 0.701 (1988), 0.176 (1987)
Fiscal year: calendar year