The 1993 CIA World Factbook

by United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Overview:
The US has the most powerful, diverse, and technologically advanced economy
in the world, with a per capita GDP of $23,400, the largest among major
industrial nations. The economy is market oriented with most decisions made
by private individuals and business firms and with government purchases of
goods and services made predominantly in the marketplace. In 1989 the
economy enjoyed its seventh successive year of substantial growth, the
longest in peacetime history. The expansion featured moderation in wage and
consumer price increases and a steady reduction in unemployment to 5.2% of
the labor force. In 1990, however, growth slowed to 1% because of a
combination of factors, such as the worldwide increase in interest rates,
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August, the subsequent spurt in oil prices, and
a general decline in business and consumer confidence. In 1991 output fell
by 1%, unemployment grew, and signs of recovery proved premature. Growth
picked up to 2.1% in 1992. Unemployment, however, remained at nine million,
the increase in GDP being mainly attributable to gains in output per worker.
Ongoing problems for the 1990s include inadequate investment in economic
infrastructure, rapidly rising medical costs, and sizable budget and trade
deficits.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $5.951 trillion (1992)
National product real growth rate:
2.1% (1992)
National product per capita:
$23,400 (1992)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
3% (1992)
Unemployment rate:
7% (April 1993)
Budget:
revenues $1,092 billion; expenditures $1,382 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (FY92)
Exports:
$442.3 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
capital goods, automobiles, industrial supplies and raw materials, consumer
goods, agricultural products
partners:
Western Europe 27.3%, Canada 22.1%, Japan 12.1% (1989)
Imports:
$544.1 billion (c.i.f., 1992)
commodities:
crude oil and refined petroleum products, machinery, automobiles, consumer
goods, industrial raw materials, food and beverages
partners:
Western Europe 21.5%, Japan 19.7%, Canada 18.8% (1989)
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate 1.5% (1992 est.); accounts for NA% of GDP
Electricity:
780,000,000 kW capacity; 3,230,000 million kWh produced, 12,690 kWh per
capita (1992)
Industries:
leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified; petroleum, steel,
motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food
processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining

*United States, Economy

Agriculture:
accounts for 2% of GDP and 2.8% of labor force; favorable climate and soils
support a wide variety of crops and livestock production; world's second
largest producer and number one exporter of grain; surplus food producer;
fish catch of 4.4 million metric tons (1990)
Illicit drugs:
illicit producer of cannabis for domestic consumption with 1987 production
estimated at 3,500 metric tons or about 25% of the available marijuana;
ongoing eradication program aimed at small plots and greenhouses has not
reduced production
Economic aid:
donor - commitments, including ODA and OOF, (FY80-89), $115.7 billion
Currency:
1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
British pounds:
(#) per US$ - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603
(1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988)
Canadian dollars:
(Can$) per US$ - 1.2776 (January 1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991), 1.1668
(1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988)
French francs:
(F) per US$ - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453
(1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)
Italian lire:
(Lit) per US$ - 1,482.5 (January 1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991),
1,198.1 (1990), 1.372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988)
Japanese yen:
(Y) per US$ - 125.01 (January 1993), 126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991), 144.79
(1990), 137.96 (1989), 128.15 (1988)
German deutsche marks:
(DM) per US$ - 1.6158 (January 1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157
(1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988)
Fiscal year:
1 October - 30 September

*United States, Communications

Railroads:
240,000 km of mainline routes, all standard 1.435 meter track, no government
ownership (1989)
Highways:
7,599,250 km total; 6,230,000 km state-financed roads; 1,369,250 km
federally-financed roads (including 71,825 km interstate limited access
freeways) (1988)
Inland waterways:
41,009 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes (est.)
Pipelines:
petroleum 276,000 km (1991), natural gas 331,000 km (1991)
Ports: Anchorage, Baltimore, Beaumont, Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Cleveland,
Duluth, Freeport, Galveston, Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville,
Long Beach, Los Angeles, Milwaukee, Mobile, New Orleans, New York,
Philadelphia, Portland (Oregon), Richmond (California), San Francisco,
Savannah, Seattle, Tampa, Wilmington
Merchant marine:
385 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 12,567,000 GRT/19,511,000 DWT;
includes 3 passenger-cargo, 36 cargo, 23 bulk, 169 tanker, 13 tanker
tug-barge, 13 liquefied gas, 128 intermodal; in addition, there are 219
government-owned vessels
Airports:
total:
14,177
usable:
12,417
with permanent-surface runways:
4,820
with runways over 3,659 m:
63
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
325
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
2,524
Telecommunications:
126,000,000 telephone access lines; 7,557,000 cellular phone subscribers;
broadcast stations - 4,987 AM, 4,932 FM, 1,092 TV; about 9,000 TV cable
systems; 530,000,000 radio sets and 193,000,000 TV sets in use; 16
satellites and 24 ocean cable systems in use; satellite ground stations - 45
Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 16 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT (1990)

*United States, Defense Forces

Branches:
Department of the Army, Department of the Navy (including Marine Corps),
Department of the Air Force
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 66.826 million; fit for military service NA (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $315.5 billion, 5.3% of GDP (1992)

*Uruguay, Geography

Location:
Eastern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean between Argentina
and Brazil
Map references:
South America, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
176,220 km2
land area:
173,620 km2 comparative area:
slightly smaller than Washington State
Land boundaries:
total 1,564 km, Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Coastline:
660 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
200 m depth or to depth of exploitation
territorial sea:
200 nm; overflight and navigation permitted beyond 12 nm
International disputes:
short section of boundary with Argentina is in dispute; two short sections
of the boundary with Brazil are in dispute - Arroyo de la Invernada (Arroio
Invernada) area of the Rio Quarai and the islands at the confluence of the
Rio Cuareim (Rio Quarai) and the Uruguay
Climate:
warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Terrain:
mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Natural resources:
soil, hydropower potential, minor minerals
Land use:
arable land:
8%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
78%
forest and woodland:
4%
other:
10%
Irrigated land:
1,100 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
subject to seasonally high winds, droughts, floods

*Uruguay, People