Railroads:
3,000 km, all 1.435-meter (standard) gauge and government owned
Highways:
49,900 km total; 6,700 km paved, 3,000 km gravel, 40,200 km earth
Inland waterways:
1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft
Ports:
Montevideo, Punta del Este, Colonia
Merchant marine:
4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 84,797 GRT/132,296 DWT; includes 1
cargo, 2 container, 1 oil tanker
Airports:
total:
88
usable:
81
with permanent-surface runways:
16
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
2
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
14
Telecommunications:
most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave
network; 337,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 99 AM, no FM, 26 TV, 9
shortwave; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations
*Uruguay, Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy (including Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force,
Grenadier Guards, Police
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 755,667; fit for military service 613,585 (1993 est.); no
conscription
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $216 million, 2.3% of GDP (1991 est.)
*Uzbekistan, Geography
Location:
Central Asia, bordering the Aral Sea, between Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan
Map references:
Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, Standard
Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
447,400 km2
land area:
425,400 km2
comparative area:
slightly larger than California
Land boundaries:
total 6,221 km, Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099
km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Coastline:
0 km
note:
Uzbekistan does border the Aral Sea (420 km)
Maritime claims:
none; landlocked
International disputes:
none
Climate:
mostly mid latitude desert; semiarid grassland in east
Terrain:
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; Fergana Valley in east
surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in
west
Natural resources:
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc,
tungsten, molybdenum
Land use:
arable land:
10%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
47%
forest and woodland:
0%
other:
43%
Irrigated land:
41,550 km2 (1990)
Environment:
drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical
pesticides and natural salts
Note:
landlocked
*Uzbekistan, People
Population:
22,127,946 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.17% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
30.57 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
6.63 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
-2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
54.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
68.36 years male:
65.05 years
female:
71.84 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.78 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Uzbek(s)
adjective:
Uzbek
Ethnic divisions:
Uzbek 71.4%, Russian 8.3%, Tajik 4.7%, Kazakhs 4.1%, Tartars 2.4% (includes
70% of Crimean Tatars deported during World War II), Karakalpaks 2.1%, other
7%
Religions:
Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Languages:
Uzbek 85%, Russian 5%, other 10%
Literacy:
age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
total population:
100%
male:
100%
female:
100%
Labor force:
7.941 million
by occupation:
agriculture and forestry 39%, industry and construction 24%, other 37%
(1990)
*Uzbekistan, Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Uzbekistan
conventional short form:
Uzbekistan
local long form:
Uzbekiston Respublikasi
local short form:
none
former:
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph:
UZ
Type:
republic
Capital:
Tashkent (Toshkent)
Administrative divisions:
12 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and 1 autonomous republic*, (avtomnaya respublika);
Andizhan, Bukhara, Dzhizak, Fergana, Karakalpakstan*, (Nukus), Kashkadar'ya (Karshi), Khorezm
(Urgench), Namangan, Navoi,
Samarkand, Surkhandar'ya (Termez), Syrdar'ya (Gulistan), Tashkent
note:
an administrative division has the same name as its administrative center
(exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Independence:
31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Constitution:
new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Legal system:
evolution of Soviet civil law
National holiday:
Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Political parties and leaders:
People's Democratic Party (PDP; formerly Communist Party), Islam A. KARIMOV,
chairman; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party (EDP), Muhammad SOLIKH, chairman
Other political or pressure groups:
Birlik (Unity) People's Movement (BPM), Abdul Rakhman PULATOV, chairman;
Islamic Rebirth Party (IRP), Abdullah UTAYEV, chairman
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Elections:
President:
last held 29 December 1991 (next to be held NA December 1996); results -
Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad SOLIKH 12%, other 2%
Supreme Soviet:
last held 18 February 1990 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote
by party NA; seats - (500 total) Communist 450, ERK 10, other 40; note -
total number of seats will be reduced to 150 in next election
Executive branch:
president, prime minister, cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral Supreme Soviet
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court
Leaders:
Chief of State:
President Islam KARIMOV (since NA March 1990)
*Uzbekistan, Government