@Monaco, Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Principality of Monaco
conventional short form:
Monaco
local long form:
Principaute de Monaco
local short form:
Monaco
Digraph:
MN
Type:
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
Monaco
Administrative divisions:
4 quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La
Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Independence:
1419 (rule by the House of Grimaldi)
National holiday:
National Day, 19 November
Constitution:
17 December 1962
Legal system:
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage:
25 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
Prince RAINIER III (since NA November 1949); Heir Apparent Prince
ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre (born 14 March 1958)
head of government:
Minister of State Jacques DUPONT (since NA 1991)
cabinet:
Council of Government; under the authority of the Prince
Legislative branch:
unicameral
National Council (Conseil National):
elections last held on 24 January 1988 (next to be held NA); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (18 total) UND 18
Judicial branch:
Supreme Tribunal (Tribunal Supreme)
Political parties and leaders:
National and Democratic Union (UND); Democratic Union Movement (MUD);
Monaco Action; Monegasque Socialist Party (PSM)
Member of:
ACCT, CSCE, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, IMF (observer), IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
Diplomatic representation in US:
honorary consulate(s) general:
Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco,
San Juan (Puerto Rico)
honorary consulate(s):
Dallas, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, and Washington
US diplomatic representation:
no mission in Monaco, but the US Consul General in Marseille, France,
is accredited to Monaco
Flag:
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag
of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white
(top) and red
@Monaco, Economy
Overview:
Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular
resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The
Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and
small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no
income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for
individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies
that have set up businesses and offices. About 50% of Monaco's annual
revenue comes from value-added taxes on hotels, banks, and the
industrial sector; about 25% of revenue comes from tourism. Living
standards are high, that is, roughly comparable to those in prosperous
French metropolitan suburbs.
National product:
GDP - exchange rate conversion - $475 million (1991 est.)
National product real growth rate:
NA%
National product per capita:
$16,000 (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
NA%
Unemployment rate:
NEGL%
Budget:
revenues:
$424 million
expenditures:
$376 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)
Exports:
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates
Monacan trade duties; also participates in EU market system through
customs union with France
Imports:
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates
Monacan trade duties; also participates in EU market system through
customs union with France
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%
Electricity:
capacity:
10,000 kW standby; power imported from France
production:
NA
consumption per capita:
NA (1992)
Agriculture:
none
Economic aid:
$NA
Currency:
1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates:
French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9205 (January 1994), 5.6632 (1993),
5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
@Monaco, Communications
Railroads:
1.6 km 1.435-meter gauge
Highways:
none; city streets
Ports:
Monaco
Merchant marine:
1 oil tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,268 GRT/4,959 DWT
Airports:
1 usable airfield with permanent-surface runways
Telecommunications:
served by cable into the French communications system; automatic
telephone system; 38,200 telephones; broadcast stations - 3 AM, 4 FM,
5 TV; no communication satellite earth stations
@Monaco, Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of France
@Mongolia, Geography
Location:
Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Map references:
Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
1.565 million sq km
land area:
1.565 million sq km
comparative area:
slightly larger than Alaska
Land boundaries:
total 8,114 km, China 4,673 km, Russia 3,441 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none; landlocked
International disputes:
none
Climate:
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Terrain:
vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and southwest;
Gobi Desert in southeast
Natural resources:
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel,
zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold
Land use:
arable land:
1%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
79%
forest and woodland:
10%
other:
10%
Irrigated land:
770 sq km (1989)
Environment:
current issues:
limited water resources; policies of the former communist regime
promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised
concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning
of soft coal and the concentration of factories in Ulaanbaatar have
severely polluted the air; deforestation, overgrazing, the converting
of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion
from wind and rain; desertification
natural hazards:
NA
international agreements:
party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification,
Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea
Note:
landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia