Irrigated land: 12,450 sq km (1990)
Environment:
current issues: contamination of soil and groundwater with
agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salinization, water-logging of
soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion
of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation
contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea;
desertification
natural hazards: NA
international agreements: party to - Ozone Layer Protection
Note: landlocked
@Turkmenistan:People
Population: 4,075,316 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 40% (female 798,620; male 821,550)
15-64 years: 56% (female 1,155,392; male 1,128,844)
65 years and over: 4% (female 105,424; male 65,486) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.97% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 29.93 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)