Highways:
total: 934,000 km (including 445,000 km which serve specific
industries or farms and are not available for common carrier use)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (1994 est.)
Waterways: total navigable routes in general use 101,000 km; routes with navigation guides serving the Russian River Fleet 95,900 km; routes with night navigational aids 60,400 km; man-made navigable routes 16,900 km (1 January 1994)
Pipelines: crude oil 48,000 km; petroleum products 15,000 km;
natural gas 140,000 km (30 June 1993)
Ports: Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Kaliningrad, Kazan', Khabarovsk,
Kholmsk, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Nevel'sk,
Novorossiysk, Petropavlovsk, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Sochi, Tuapse,
Vladivostok, Volgograd, Vostochnyy, Vyborg
Merchant marine:
total: 745 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,730,178
GRT/9,385,565 DWT
ships by type: barge carrier 2, bulk 25, cargo 406, chemical tanker
6, combination bulk 21, combination ore/oil 17, container 31,
multifunction large-load carrier 3, oil tanker 134, passenger 4,
passenger-cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 19, roll-on/roll-off cargo 54,
short-sea passenger 16, specialized tanker 2
note: Russia owns an additional 163 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
totaling 2,276,829 DWT operating under the registries of Malta,
Cyprus, Liberia, Panama, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Honduras,
The Bahamas, and Vanuatu (1995 est.)
Airports:
total: 2,517
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 54
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 202
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 108
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 115
with paved runways under 914 m: 151
with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 25
with unpaved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 45
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 134
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 291
with unpaved runways under 914 m: 1,392 (1994 est.)
Communications ———————
Telephones: 25.4 million (1993 est.)
Telephone system: total pay phones for long distant calls 34,100; enlisting foreign help, by means of joint ventures, to speed up the modernization of its telecommunications system; in 1992, only 661,000 new telephones were installed compared with 855,000 in 1991, and in 1992 the number of unsatisfied applications for telephones reached 11,000,000; expanded access to international electronic mail service available via Sprint network; the inadequacy of Russian telecommunications is a severe handicap to the economy, especially with respect to international connections domestic: NMT-450 analog cellular telephone networks are operational and growing in Moscow and St. Petersburg; intercity fiber-optic cable installation remains limited international: international traffic is inadequately handled by a system of satellites, landlines, microwave radio relay, and outdated submarine cables; much of this traffic passes through the international gateway switch in Moscow which carries most of the international traffic for the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States; a new Russian Intersputnik satellite will link Moscow and St. Petersburg with Rome from whence calls will be relayed to destinations in Europe and overseas; satellite earth stations - NA Intelsat, 4 Intersputnik (2 Atlantic Ocean Region and 2 Indian Ocean Region), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean Region), and NA Orbita
Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there are about 1,050 (including AM, FM, and shortwave) radio broadcast stations throughout the country