Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
International disputes: boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war based in northern Afghanistan
Climate: midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Terrain: Pamir and Altai Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest lowest point: Syrdariya 300 m highest point: Qullai Kommunizm 7,495 m
Natural resources: significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten
Land use:
arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 0%
meadows and pastures: 23%
forest and woodland: 0%
other: 71%
Irrigated land: 6,940 sq km (1990)
Environment:
current issues: inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels
of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part
of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe
overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated
pollution
natural hazards: NA
international agreements: NA
Geographic note: landlocked