Irrigated land: 12,450 sq km (1990)
Environment:
current issues: contamination of soil and groundwater with
agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salinization, water-logging of
soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution;
diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into
irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the
Aral Sea; desertification
natural hazards: NA
international agreements: party to - Ozone Layer Protection; signed,
but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification
Geographic note: landlocked
People ———
Population: 4,149,283 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 39% (male 826,637; female 804,385)
15-64 years: 56% (male 1,154,415; female 1,188,173)
65 years and over: 5% (male 65,447; female 110,226) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.82% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 29.12 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 8.89 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)