External debt: $92 billion (1994 est.)
Economic aid:
donor: to less developed countries (1970-89) $NA
recipient: ODA, $1.977 billion (1993)
Currency: 1 yuan (Y) = 10 jiao
Exchange rates: yuan (Y) per US$1 - 8.3186 (January 1996), 8.3514 (1995), 8.6187 (1994), 5.7620 (1993), 5.5146 (1992), 5.3234 (1991) note: beginning 1 January 1994, the People's Bank of China quotes the midpoint rate against the US dollar based on the previous day's prevailing rate in the interbank foreign exchange market
Fiscal year: calendar year
Transportation ———————
Railways:
total: 58,399 km
standard gauge: 54,799 km 1.435-m gauge (7,174 km electrified; more
than 11,000 km double track)
narrow gauge: 3,600 km 0.762-m gauge local industrial lines (1995)
Highways: total: 1.029 million km paved: 170,000 km unpaved: 859,000 km (1990 est.)
Waterways: 138,600 km; about 109,800 km navigable
Pipelines: crude oil 9,700 km; petroleum products 1,100 km;
natural gas 6,200 km (1990)