Coastline: 451 km
Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea : 12 nm
Climate: temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters
Terrain: mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast
Elevation extremes: lowest point: Prins Alexanderpolder -7 m highest point : Vaalserberg 321 m
Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, fertile soil
Land use: arable land : 27% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 31% forests and woodland: 10% other: 31% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 5,600 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: the extensive system of dikes and dams, protects nearly one-half of the total area from being flooded
Environment - current issues: water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain