Military branches: Ministry of Defense (Border Guards, General Purpose
Forces, Air Force), Republican Guard
Military manpower-military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower-availability: males age 15-49: 4,429,484 (1998 est.)
Military manpower-fit for military service: males: 3,534,839 (1998 est.)
Military manpower-reaching military age annually: males: 154,218 (1998 est.)
Military expenditures-dollar figure: 18.9 billion tenges (1995); note-conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results
Military expenditures-percent of GDP: NA%
@Kazakhstan:Transnational Issues
Disputes-international: Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined among Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan
Illicit drugs: significant illicit cultivation of cannabis and limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug ephedrone); limited government eradication program; cannabis consumed largely in the CIS; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia, North America, and Western Europe from Southwest Asia