Exports: $28.7 billion (f.o.b., 1998)

Exports—commodities: gold 20%, other minerals and metals 20%-25%, food 5%, chemicals 3% (1997)

Exports—partners: UK, Italy, Japan, US, Germany (1997)

Imports: $27.2 billion (f.o.b., 1998)

Imports—commodities: machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, textiles, scientific instruments (1997)

Imports—partners: Germany, US, UK, Japan (1997)

Debt—external: $23.5 billion (1997 est.)

Economic aid—recipient: $676.3 million

Currency: 1 rand (R) = 100 cents

Exchange rates: rand (R) per US$1—5.98380 (January 1999), 5.52828 (1998), 4.60796 (1997), 4.29935 (1996), 3.62709 (1995), 3.55080 (1994)