Currency: 1 hryvna=100 kopiykas
Exchange rates: hryvnia per US$1—3.4270 (February 1999), 2.4495 (1998), 1.8617 (1997), 1.8295 (1996), 1.4731 (1995), 0.3275 (1994) note: in August 1998, Ukraine introduced currency controls in an attempt to fend off the impact of the Russian financial crisis; it created an exchange rate corridor for the hryvnia of 2.5-3.5 hryvnia per US$1
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 12,531,277 (1998)
Telephone system: Ukraine's phone systems are administered
through the State Committee for Communications; Ukraine has a
telecommunication development plan through 2005; Internet service is
available in large cities
domestic: local—Kiev has a digital loop connected to the national
digital backbone; Kiev has several cellular phone companies
providing service in the different standards; some companies offer
intercity roaming and even limited international roaming; cellular
phone service is offered in at least 100 cities nationwide
international: foreign investment in the form of joint business
ventures greatly improved the Ukrainian telephone system; Ukraine's
two main fiber-optic lines are part of the Trans-Asia-Europe
Fiber-Optic Line (TAE); these lines connect Ukraine to worldwide
service through Belarus, Hungary, and Poland; Odesa is a landing
point for the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia Undersea Fiber-Optic Cable
(ITUR) giving Ukraine an additional fiber-optic link to worldwide
service; Ukraine has Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik earth
stations
Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note—at
least 25 local broadcast stations of NA type (1998)
Radios: 15 million (1990)
Television broadcast stations: at least 33 (in addition 21 repeater stations that relay ORT broadcasts from Russia) (1997)
Televisions: 17.3 million (1992)