Agriculture—products: paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas; poultry, pigs; fish

Exports: $9.4 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.)

Exports—commodities: crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee,
rubber, tea, garments, shoes

Exports—partners: Japan, Germany, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong,
France, South Korea

Imports: $11.4 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.)

Imports—commodities: machinery and equipment, petroleum products,
fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles

Imports—partners: Singapore, South Korea, Japan, France, Hong
Kong, Taiwan

Debt—external: $7.3 billion Western countries; $4.5 billion CEMA debts primarily to Russia; $9 billion to $18 billion nonconvertible debt (former CEMA, Iraq, Iran)

Economic aid—recipient: $2.2 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 1999

Currency: 1 new dong (D) = 100 xu