Military branches: Land Forces, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval
Infantry), Air Force, Coast Guard, Gendarmerie
Military manpower - military age: 20 years of age
Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 18,523,950 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 11,227,922 (2000 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 664,024 (2000 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure: $6.737 billion (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 4.3% (FY97)
@Turkey:Transnational Issues
Disputes - international: complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question with Greece; dispute with downstream riparian states (Syria and Iraq) over water development plans for the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; traditional demands regarding former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided
Illicit drugs: key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate