Indonesia:
illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use;
possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle
heroin
Iran:
despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic
consumption of narcotics remains a persistent problem and Iranian
press reports estimate that there are at least 1.2 million drug
users in the country
Ireland:
transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North
Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic
drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for
Western Europe
Israel:
increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs
arrive in country from Lebanon and increasingly Jordan
Italy:
important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine
and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market
Jamaica:
major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to
North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis;
government has an active manual cannabis eradication program;
corruption is a major concern
Kazakhstan:
significant illicit cultivation of cannabis and limited
cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug ephedrone);
limited government eradication program; cannabis consumed largely in
the CIS; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia,
North America, and Western Europe from Southwest Asia; developing
heroin addiction problem
Kenya:
widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit
country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North
America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa
Kyrgyzstan:
limited illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy,
mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program;
increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Russia
and Western Europe from Southwest Asia
Laos:
world's third-largest illicit opium producer (estimated
cultivation in 1999 - 21,800 hectares, a 16% decrease over 1998;
estimated potential production in 1999 - 140 metric tons, about the
same as in 1998); potential heroin producer; transshipment point for
heroin and methamphetamine produced in Burma; illicit producer of
cannabis