male: 78.6%
female: 54.6% (1995 est.)
Turkey: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 85%
male: 94%
female: 77% (2000)
Turkmenistan: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: 99%
female: 97% (1989 est.)