Environment - current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified:
Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban
Geography - note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
People Pakistan
Population: 147,663,429 (July 2002 est.)
Age structure: 39.9% (male 30,321,217; female 28,581,334) 15-64 years: 2,984,391; female 3,129,399) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.06% (2002 est.)
Birth rate: 30.4 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Death rate: 9.02 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.79 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)