Exports - partners:
Germany 7.5%, Italy 6.9%, Netherlands 6.7%, China 6.3%, US 6.1%,
Ukraine 5.5%, Belarus 5.4%, Switzerland 5% (2002)

Imports:
$60.7 billion (2002 est.)

Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, sugar,
semifinished metal products

Imports - partners:
Germany 14.3%, Belarus 8.9%, Ukraine 7.1%, US 6.4%, China 5.2%,
Italy 4.8%, Kazakhstan 4.3%, France 4.1% (2002)

Debt - external:
$153.5 billion (yearend 2002)

Economic aid - recipient:
in FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million in
non-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million

Currency:
Russian ruble (RUR)

Currency code:
RUR

Exchange rates:
Russian rubles per US dollar - 31.27 (2002), 29.17 (2001), 28.13
(2000), 24.62 (1999), 9.71 (1998)
note: the post-1 January 1998 ruble is equal to 1,000 of the pre-1
January 1998 rubles

Fiscal year:
calendar year