Paraguay
major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is
consumed in South America; transshipment country for Andean cocaine
headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, Europe, and US;
corruption and some money-laundering activity, especially in the
Tri-Border Area
Peru
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging
opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru increased by 8% to
36,600 hectares between 2001 and the end of 2002; much of the
cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into
cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to
the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and
finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for
use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
Philippines
exports locally-produced marijuana and hashish to East
Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point
for heroin and crystal methamphetamine
Poland
major illicit producer of amphetamine for the international
market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin American
illicit drugs to Western Europe
Portugal
gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest
Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment point for
hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin
Romania
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American
cocaine bound for Western Europe
Russia
limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and
producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption;
government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as
transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American
cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent
Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source
of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are
key concerns; heroin increasingly popular in domestic market
Saint Kitts and Nevis
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity
Saint Lucia
transit point for South American drugs destined for the
US and Europe
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
transshipment point for South
American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis
cultivation