Northern Mariana Islands
English, Chamorro, Carolinian
note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home
Norway
Norwegian (official)
note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Oman
Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Pakistan
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%,
Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%,
English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most
government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Palau
English and Palauan official in all states except Sonsoral
(Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are
official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official)
Panama
Spanish (official), English 14%
note: many Panamanians bilingual
Papua New Guinea
English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread,
Motu spoken in Papua region
note: 715 indigenous languages
Paraguay
Spanish (official), Guarani (official)
Peru
Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara
Philippines
two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and
English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon
or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense