Exports:
$12.72 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Exports - commodities:
oil and oil products 58%, ferrous metals 24%, chemicals 5%,
machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal (2001)
Exports - partners:
Bermuda 17%, Russia 15.2%, Switzerland 13%, China 12.8%, Italy 7.8%
(2003)
Imports:
$8.621 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 41%, metal products 28%, foodstuffs 8%
(2001)
Imports - partners:
Russia 39%, Germany 8.7%, China 6.2%, US 5.6% (2003)
Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:
$4.962 billion (2003)
Debt - external:
$24.45 billion (2003 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$610 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000 (2000)
Currency:
tenge (KZT)