Debt - external:
$2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$16 million from the US (2001)
Currency:
Turkmen manat (TMM)
Currency code:
TMM
Exchange rates:
Turkmen manats per US dollar - 5,200 (2003), 5,200 (2002), 5,200
(2001), 5,200 (2000), 5,200 (1999);note - the official exchange rate
has not varied for the last six years; the unofficial rate has
fluctuated slightly, hovering around 21,000 manats to the dollar
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Communications Turkmenistan
Telephones - main lines in use:
374,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
52,000 (2004)
Telephone system:
general assessment: poorly developed
domestic: NA
international: country code - 993; linked by cable and microwave
radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased
connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new
telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new
exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey
via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat