Military branches:
Ministry of Defense (Army, Air and Air Defense, Navy, Border
Troops, and Internal Troops), National Guard
Military manpower - military age and obligation:
18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service
obligation - 2 years (2004)
Military manpower - availability:
males age 15-49: 1,272,436 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 1,031,806 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
males: 55,866 (2004 est.)
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$90 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
3.4% (FY99)
Transnational Issues Turkmenistan
Disputes - international:
prolonged regional drought created water-sharing difficulties for
Amu Darya river states; Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan reached an
agreement on improving water usage along the Amu Darya in 2004;
delimitation of Caspian seabed remains unresolved
Illicit drugs:
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and Western
European markets; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound
for Afghanistan